[土壤中兼性厌氧的丝状真菌的多样性]

[Diversity of facultatively anaerobic microscopic mycelial fungi in soils].

作者信息

Kurakov A V, Lavrent'ev R B, Nechitaĭlo T Iu, Golyshin P N, Zviagintsev D G

出版信息

Mikrobiologiia. 2008 Jan-Feb;77(1):103-12.

Abstract

The numbers of microscopic fungi isolated from soil samples after anaerobic incubation varied from tens to several hundreds of CFU per one gram of soil; a total of 30 species was found. This group is composed primarily of mitotic fungi of the ascomycete affinity belonging to the orders Hypocreales (Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Clonostachys grammicospora, C. rosea. Acremonium sp., Gliocladium penicilloides, Trichoderma aureoviride, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. viride. T. koningii, Lecanicillum lecanii, and Tolypocladium inflatum) and Eurotiales (Aspergillus terreus, A. niger, and Paecilomyces lilacimus), as well as to the phylum Zygomycota, to the order Mucorales (Actinomucor elegans, Absidia glauca, Mucor circinelloides, M. hiemalis, M. racemosus, Mucor sp., Rhizopus oryzae, Zygorrhynchus moelleri, Z. heterogamus, and Umbelopsis isabellina) and the order Mortierellales (Mortierella sp.). As much as 10-30% of the total amount of fungal mycelium remains viable for a long time (one month) under anaerobic conditions.

摘要

厌氧培养后从土壤样本中分离出的微观真菌数量为每克土壤数十至数百个菌落形成单位（CFU）；共发现30个物种。该类群主要由属于肉座菌目（茄病镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、镰刀菌属、格氏轮枝菌、粉红粘帚霉、顶孢霉属、拟青霉枝顶孢、黄绿木霉、哈茨木霉、多孢木霉、绿色木霉、康宁木霉、蜡蚧轮枝菌和膨胀被毛孢）和散囊菌目（土曲霉、黑曲霉和淡紫拟青霉）的具有子囊菌亲缘关系的有丝分裂真菌组成，还包括接合菌门、毛霉目（雅致放射毛霉、灰绿犁头霉、卷枝毛霉、总状毛霉、毛霉属、米根霉、莫氏犁头霉、异宗莫氏犁头霉和伊萨伯林伞霉）和被孢霉目（被孢霉属）的真菌。在厌氧条件下，高达10% - 30%的真菌菌丝体总量能长时间（一个月）保持存活。