Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R
FB Biologie der Universität, Frankfurt a.M., Germany.
EXS. 1991;60:16-37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7208-9_2.
Young birds on their first migration possess innate information on the direction of their migration route. It is represented twice, using both celestial rotation and the geomagnetic field as references. These two systems, together with information provided by factors associated with sunset, interact in a complex way to establish the migratory direction. During ontogeny, celestial rotation appears to be dominant; during migration, however, celestial cues appear to be controlled by the magnetic field.--The factors associated with sunset--the view of the setting sun and the characteristic pattern of polarized light--are important secondary cues which seem to derive their directional significance from the magnetic field. Their role appears to be more variable, with possible species-specific differences. During spring migration and later autumn migrations, flying in the migratory direction is complemented by navigational processes which enable the birds to return to a specific home site known from previous stays.
首次迁徙的幼鸟拥有关于其迁徙路线方向的先天信息。该信息以两种方式呈现，分别以天体旋转和地磁场作为参考。这两个系统与日落相关因素提供的信息相互作用，以一种复杂的方式确定迁徙方向。在个体发育过程中，天体旋转似乎占主导地位；然而在迁徙期间，天体线索似乎受磁场控制。与日落相关的因素——落日的景象和偏振光的特征模式——是重要的次要线索，其方向意义似乎源自磁场。它们的作用似乎更具变化性，可能存在物种特异性差异。在春季迁徙和较晚的秋季迁徙期间，朝着迁徙方向飞行辅以导航过程，这使鸟类能够回到它们从前停留过的特定家园。
