Moeller Sara K, Robinson Michael D, Zabelina Darya L
Psychology Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Apr;19(4):355-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02093.x.
Previous research has shown that dominant individuals frequently think in terms of dominance hierarchies, which typically invoke vertical metaphor (e.g., "upper" vs. "lower" class). Accordingly, we predicted that in spatial attention paradigms, such individuals would systematically favor the vertical dimension of space more than individuals low in dominance. This prediction was supported by two studies (total N= 96), which provided three tests involving two different spatial attention paradigms. In all cases, analyses controlling for speed of response to horizontal spatial probes revealed that more dominant individuals were faster than less dominant individuals to respond to probes along the vertical dimension of space. Such data support the metaphor-representation perspective, according to which people think in metaphoric terms, even in on-line processing tasks. These results have implications for understanding dominance and also indicate that conceptual metaphor is relevant to understanding the cognitive-processing basis of personality.
先前的研究表明，占主导地位的个体经常从等级制度的角度思考，这通常会引发垂直隐喻（例如，“上层”与“下层”阶级）。因此，我们预测，在空间注意力范式中，与低主导性个体相比，这类个体在空间维度上会更系统地偏好垂直维度。两项研究（总样本量N = 96）支持了这一预测，这两项研究提供了涉及两种不同空间注意力范式的三项测试。在所有情况下，对水平空间探测的反应速度进行控制的分析表明，在对沿空间垂直维度的探测做出反应时，主导性较强的个体比主导性较弱的个体速度更快。这些数据支持了隐喻表征观点，即人们即使在在线处理任务中也会用隐喻的方式思考。这些结果对于理解主导性具有启示意义，同时也表明概念隐喻与理解人格的认知加工基础相关。
