Waldrop Jennifer E
Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, 20 Cabot Road, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2008 May;38(3):503-12, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.01.011.
Urine chemical analysis can extend "beyond the dipstick" with an understanding of renal physiology and expected changes in electrolyte and solute handling. Urine electrolytes, such as sodium and chloride, can be helpful in discerning prerenal azotemia from acute renal tubular damage, which occur secondary to nephrotoxins or ischemia. Urine osmolality also is essential in determining appropriate antidiuretic hormone action and renal water handling. Urine solutes, such as albumin and brush border enzymes, may be more sensitive than plasma markers for early renal dysfunction. This article reviews these topics and the use of "extended" urine indices in veterinary medicine.
通过了解肾脏生理学以及电解质和溶质处理的预期变化，尿液化学分析可以超越传统的尿试纸检测。尿液电解质，如钠和氯，有助于鉴别肾前性氮质血症与急性肾小管损伤，后者继发于肾毒素或缺血。尿渗透压对于确定抗利尿激素的适当作用和肾脏对水的处理也至关重要。尿液溶质，如白蛋白和刷状缘酶，可能比血浆标志物对早期肾功能障碍更敏感。本文综述了这些主题以及“扩展”尿液指标在兽医学中的应用。
