Grauer Gregory F
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 111B Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005 May;35(3):581-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.12.013.
Renal damage and disease can be caused by acute or chronic insults to the kidney. Acute renal damage often results from ischemic or toxic insults and usually affects the tubular portion of the nephron. In contrast, chronic renal disease can be caused by diseases and/or disorders that affect any portion of the nephron, including its blood supply and supporting interstitium. Early detection of acute renal disease facilitates appropriate intervention that can arrest or at least attenuate tubular cell damage and the development of established acute renal failure. Similarly,early detection of chronic renal disease, before the onset of renal azotemia and chronic renal failure, should facilitate appropriate intervention that stabilizes renal function or at least slows its progressive decline.
肾脏损伤和疾病可由对肾脏的急性或慢性损害引起。急性肾损伤通常由缺血性或中毒性损害导致，且通常影响肾单位的肾小管部分。相比之下，慢性肾脏疾病可由影响肾单位任何部分（包括其血液供应和支持性间质）的疾病和/或病症引起。急性肾脏疾病的早期检测有助于进行适当干预，从而阻止或至少减轻肾小管细胞损伤以及已确诊的急性肾衰竭的发展。同样，在肾氮质血症和慢性肾衰竭发作之前对慢性肾脏疾病进行早期检测，应有助于进行适当干预，从而稳定肾功能或至少减缓其进行性下降。
