Farhang Lili, Bhatia Rajiv, Scully Cyndy Comerford, Corburn Jason, Gaydos Megan, Malekafzali Shireen
Program on Health, Equity and Sustainability, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California 94102, USA.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008 May-Jun;14(3):255-65. doi: 10.1097/01.PHH.0000316484.72759.7b.
The San Francisco Department of Public Health recently completed a 2-year collaborative process, the Eastern Neighborhoods Community Health Impact Assessment (ENCHIA), to evaluate the potential positive and negative health impacts of land use development. ENCHIA resulted in a number of outcomes, including (1) a vision of a healthy San Francisco; (2) community health objectives to reflect the vision; (3) indicators and data to assess and measure the objectives and vision; (4) a menu of urban development strategies to advance the objectives; and (5) the Healthy Development Measurement Tool, an evidence-based tool to support accountable, comprehensive, evidence-based, and health-oriented planning. This case study describes the 18-month ENCHIA process, key outcomes, and lessons learned. The case study also provides an overview of the Healthy Development Measurement Tool and examples of its first applications to urban planning. Given the growing understanding of built environmental influences on health, ENCHIA illustrates the ability of a local public health agency to effectively engage in land use policy as a health promotion strategy.
旧金山公共卫生部最近完成了一个为期两年的合作项目，即东部社区健康影响评估（ENCHIA），以评估土地利用开发可能产生的正面和负面健康影响。ENCHIA产生了一系列成果，包括：（1）对健康的旧金山的愿景；（2）反映该愿景的社区健康目标；（3）评估和衡量这些目标及愿景的指标和数据；（4）推进这些目标的一系列城市发展战略；（5）健康发展衡量工具，这是一个基于证据的工具，用于支持负责、全面、基于证据且以健康为导向的规划。本案例研究描述了为期18个月的ENCHIA过程、关键成果以及经验教训。该案例研究还概述了健康发展衡量工具及其首次应用于城市规划的实例。鉴于人们对建筑环境对健康影响的认识不断加深，ENCHIA展示了地方公共卫生机构作为一种健康促进策略有效参与土地利用政策制定的能力。
