Ambroszkiewicz Jadwiga, Chełchowska Magdalena, Lewandowski Leszek, Gajewska Joanna, Laskowska-Klita Teresa
Zaklad Badarń Przesiewowych, Instytutu Matki i Dziecka w Warszawie.
Przegl Lek. 2007;64(10):674-8.
In metabolism of homocysteine several enzymes and vitamin cofactors are involves. Genetic abnormalities in these enzymes or nutritional deficiency vitamins, especially of folate may lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, a known risk factor for some pregnancy complications. High maternal homocysteine and low folate levels correlate with low birth weight. Maternal smoking affected significantly total homocysteine concentration in infants. Studies in this area are still scarce and report on limited number of patients. The aim of our study was to assess serum folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in smoking pregnant women and in their newborn infants as compared with nonsmoking. The study consisted of 57 pregnant women, who qualified into two groups: smoking (n=28) and nonsmoking (n=29). The serum concentrations of folate were determined by electrochemiluninescent method and tHcy by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. We shown, that serum homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in smoking as compared with nonsmoking pregnant women (p<0.05) as well as in umbilical cord blood of their newborns (p<0.001). The folate levels were comparable in serum both groups of mothers, but in infants born to smoking women were lower by 20%. In addition, the maternal serum levels of homocysteine and folate showed a significant positive correlation's with these parameters in newborns. Average birth weight infants born to smoking mother was significantly lower than nonsmoking cigarettes (p<0.05). It seems that tobacco smoking during pregnancy affected folate and homocysteine levels in serum of mothers and their infants. Smoking exposure is also associate with reduced birth weight.
同型半胱氨酸的代谢涉及多种酶和维生素辅助因子。这些酶的基因异常或维生素（尤其是叶酸）的营养缺乏可能导致高同型半胱氨酸血症，这是一些妊娠并发症的已知危险因素。母亲高同型半胱氨酸水平和低叶酸水平与低出生体重相关。母亲吸烟显著影响婴儿的总同型半胱氨酸浓度。该领域的研究仍然很少，且报告的患者数量有限。我们研究的目的是评估吸烟孕妇及其新生儿与不吸烟孕妇及其新生儿相比的血清叶酸和总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）浓度。该研究由57名孕妇组成，她们被分为两组：吸烟组（n = 28）和非吸烟组（n = 29）。叶酸的血清浓度通过电化学发光法测定，tHcy通过荧光偏振免疫测定法测定。我们发现，与不吸烟的孕妇相比，吸烟孕妇的血清同型半胱氨酸浓度显著更高（p < 0.05），其新生儿脐带血中的同型半胱氨酸浓度也显著更高（p < 0.001）。两组母亲血清中的叶酸水平相当，但吸烟女性所生婴儿的叶酸水平低20%。此外，母亲血清中的同型半胱氨酸和叶酸水平与新生儿的这些参数呈显著正相关。吸烟母亲所生婴儿的平均出生体重显著低于不吸烟母亲所生婴儿（p < 0.05）。看来孕期吸烟会影响母亲及其婴儿血清中的叶酸和同型半胱氨酸水平。吸烟暴露还与出生体重降低有关。
