D'Agostin F, Crosera M, Adami G, Malvestio A, Rosani R, Bovenzi M, Maina G, Filon F Larese
Unità Clinica Operativa di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Trieste.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007 Jul-Sep;29(3 Suppl):452-4.
Occupational chromium dermatitis occurs frequently among cement and metal workers, workers dealing with leather tanning and employees in the ceramic industry. The present study, using an in-vitro system, evaluated percutaneous absorption of chromium powder and the effect of rapid skin decontamination with a common detergent. Experiments were performed using the Franz diffusion cell method with human skin. Physiological solution was used as receiving phase and a suspension of chromium powder in synthetic sweat was used as donor phase. The tests were performed without or with decontamination using the cleanser 30 minutes after the start of exposure. The amount of chromium permeated through the skin was analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Electro Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Speciation analysis and measurements of chromium skin content were also performed. We calculated a permeation flux of 0.843 +/- 0.25 ng cm(-2) h(-1) and a lag time of 1.1 +/- 0.7 h. The cleaning procedure significantly increased chromium skin content, whereas skin passage was not increased. These results showed that chromium powder can pass through the skin and that skin decontamination did not decrease skin absorption. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent skin contamination when using toxic agents.
职业性铬性皮炎在水泥和金属工人、从事皮革鞣制的工人以及陶瓷行业的员工中经常发生。本研究采用体外系统，评估了铬粉的经皮吸收情况以及用一种常见洗涤剂进行快速皮肤去污的效果。实验采用Franz扩散池法，使用人体皮肤进行。生理溶液用作接收相，铬粉在合成汗液中的悬浮液用作供体相。在暴露开始30分钟后，分别进行不进行去污处理和使用清洁剂进行去污处理的测试。通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电热原子吸收光谱法分析透过皮肤的铬含量。还进行了铬的形态分析和皮肤铬含量的测量。我们计算出渗透通量为0.843±0.25 ng cm⁻² h⁻¹，滞后时间为1.1±0.7小时。清洁程序显著增加了皮肤中的铬含量，但皮肤通透量并未增加。这些结果表明铬粉可以透过皮肤，并且皮肤去污并没有减少皮肤吸收。因此，在使用有毒制剂时，有必要防止皮肤污染。
