Larese Francesca Filon, D'Agostin Flavia, Crosera Matteo, Adami Gianpiero, Renzi Nadia, Bovenzi Massimo, Maina Giovanni
UCO Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze di Medicina Pubblica, Università di Trieste, Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
Toxicology. 2009 Jan 8;255(1-2):33-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.025. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
There is a growing interest on nanoparticle safety for topical use. The benefits of nanoparticles have been shown in several scientific fields, but little is known about their potential to penetrate the skin. This study aims at evaluating in vitro skin penetration of silver nanoparticles. Experiments were performed using the Franz diffusion cell method with intact and damaged human skin. Physiological solution was used as receiving phase and 70 microg/cm2 of silver nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpirrolidone dispersed in synthetic sweat were applied as donor phase to the outer surface of the skin for 24h. The receptor fluid measurements were performed by electro thermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS). Human skin penetration was also determined by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) to verify the location of silver nanoparticles in exposed membranes. Median silver concentrations of 0.46 ng cm(-2) (range <LOD-2.23) and 2.32 ng cm(-2) (range 0.43-11.6) were found in the receiving solutions of cells where the nanoparticles solution was applied on intact skin (eight cells) and on damaged skin (eight cells), respectively. Twenty-four hours silver flux permeation in damaged skin was 0.62+/-0.2 ng cm(-2) with a lag time <1h. Our experimental data showed that silver nanoparticles absorption through intact and damaged skin was very low but detectable, and that in case of damaged skin it was possible an increasing permeation of silver applied as nanoparticles. Moreover, silver nanoparticles could be detected in the stratum corneum and the outermost surface of the epidermis by electron microscopy. We demonstrated for the first time that silver applied as nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpirrolidone is able to permeate the damaged skin in an in vitro diffusion cell system.
人们对纳米颗粒局部应用的安全性越来越感兴趣。纳米颗粒的益处已在多个科学领域得到证实，但对于它们穿透皮肤的潜力却知之甚少。本研究旨在评估银纳米颗粒的体外皮肤渗透性。实验采用Franz扩散池法，使用完整和受损的人体皮肤。生理溶液用作接收相，将70μg/cm²分散在合成汗液中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的银纳米颗粒作为供体相，施加于皮肤外表面24小时。通过电热原子吸收光谱法（ETAAS）进行受体液测量。还通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）确定人体皮肤渗透性，以验证银纳米颗粒在暴露膜中的位置。在分别将纳米颗粒溶液施用于完整皮肤（8个细胞）和受损皮肤（8个细胞）的细胞接收溶液中，银的中位浓度分别为0.46 ng cm⁻²（范围<LOD - 2.23）和2.32 ng cm⁻²（范围0.43 - 11.6）。受损皮肤中24小时银通量渗透为0.62±0.2 ng cm⁻²，滞后时间<1小时。我们的实验数据表明，银纳米颗粒通过完整和受损皮肤的吸收非常低但可检测到，并且在受损皮肤的情况下，作为纳米颗粒施用的银的渗透性可能会增加。此外，通过电子显微镜可在角质层和表皮最外表面检测到银纳米颗粒。我们首次证明，在体外扩散池系统中，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的纳米颗粒形式的银能够渗透受损皮肤。
