Filon Francesca Larese, D'Agostin Flavia, Crosera Matteo, Adami Gianpiero, Bovenzi Massimo, Maina Giovanni
UCO Medicina del Lavoro - Dipartimento di Scienze di Medicina Pubblica - Università di Trieste, Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Jun;23(4):574-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.015. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
The bioavailability of metals, which are known as important contact allergens, is decisive for the development and the maintenance of contact dermatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of metal powders of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) and the effect of skin lesions on skin absorption. In vitro permeation experiments were performed using the Franz diffusion cells with intact and damaged human skin. Physiological solution was used as receiving phase and metal powders (Co, Ni and Cr) dispersed in synthetic sweat at pH 4.5 were applied as donor phase to the outer surface of the skin for 24h. The amount of each metal permeating the skin was analysed by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS). Donor solution analysis demonstrated that metals were present as ions. Measurements of metals skin content were also exploited. Median Co and Ni concentrations found in the receiving phase were significantly higher when Co and Ni powders were applied on the abraded skin than after application on the intact skin (3566 and 2631ngcm(-2) vs. 8.4 and 31ngcm(-2), respectively). No significant difference was found in Cr permeation through intact and damaged skin. The measurement of metals skin content showed that Co, Ni and Cr concentrations were significantly higher in the damaged skin than in the intact skin. Co and Ni ions concentrations increased significantly when the donor solutions were applied on the damaged skin, while Cr ions concentrations did not increase. This study demonstrated that Co and Ni powders can permeate through damaged skin more easily than Cr powder, which has probably a stronger skin proteins binding capacity. Therefore, our results suggest that is necessary to prevent skin contamination when using toxic substances because a small injury to the skin barrier can significantly increase skin absorption.
金属作为重要的接触性过敏原，其生物利用度对于接触性皮炎的发生和维持起着决定性作用。本研究旨在评估钴（Co）、镍（Ni）和铬（Cr）金属粉末的经皮渗透情况以及皮肤损伤对皮肤吸收的影响。使用Franz扩散池对完整和受损的人体皮肤进行体外渗透实验。以生理溶液作为接收相，将分散于pH 4.5的合成汗液中的金属粉末（Co、Ni和Cr）作为供体相施加于皮肤外表面24小时。通过电热原子吸收光谱法（ETAAS）分析渗透过皮肤的每种金属的量。供体溶液分析表明金属以离子形式存在。同时也对皮肤中金属含量进行了测定。当将Co和Ni粉末应用于磨损皮肤时，接收相中Co和Ni的中位浓度显著高于应用于完整皮肤后（分别为3566和2631ng/cm²，而应用于完整皮肤后分别为8.4和31ng/cm²）。完整皮肤和受损皮肤对Cr的渗透未发现显著差异。皮肤中金属含量的测定表明，受损皮肤中Co、Ni和Cr的浓度显著高于完整皮肤。当将供体溶液应用于受损皮肤时，Co和Ni离子浓度显著增加，而Cr离子浓度未增加。本研究表明，Co和Ni粉末比Cr粉末更容易渗透过受损皮肤，这可能是因为Cr与皮肤蛋白质的结合能力更强。因此，我们的结果表明，使用有毒物质时必须防止皮肤污染，因为皮肤屏障的微小损伤会显著增加皮肤吸收。
