Woosley Clinton R, Mayes Thomas C
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Spring;20(1):58-63. doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2008.02.002.
Trauma remains the leading cause of death for children aged 1 to 14 years. Thoracic trauma is seen in 4% to 6% of pediatric patients presenting to pediatric trauma centers and rarely occurs in isolation. The medical and surgical evaluation of children is a challenging task to even the most experienced physician. Effective treatment of the pediatric trauma patient can only be provided if the physician understands the major pitfalls which are common in the pediatric population. The assessment of the pediatric patient is simplified by an understanding of specific anatomic and physiologic differences between children and adults. While noting children are not small adults, the systematic approach taken towards the evaluation of an adult is similar. Sequential evaluation and management of the ABCs by a caregiver familiar with age specific norms is the most important initial consideration. The care of specific injuries is similar to those found in adults but the patient's size limits the physician's options in many cases.
创伤仍然是1至14岁儿童死亡的主要原因。在前往儿科创伤中心就诊的儿科患者中，4%至6%会出现胸部创伤，且很少单独发生。即使对经验最丰富的医生来说，对儿童进行医学和外科评估也是一项具有挑战性的任务。只有当医生了解儿科人群中常见的主要陷阱时，才能对儿科创伤患者进行有效的治疗。了解儿童与成人之间特定的解剖和生理差异，有助于简化对儿科患者的评估。虽然要注意儿童并非缩小版的成人，但对成人进行评估时所采用的系统方法与之相似。由熟悉特定年龄规范的护理人员对ABCs进行顺序评估和管理是最重要的初始考虑因素。对特定损伤的护理与成人相似，但在许多情况下，患者的体型限制了医生的选择。
