Schenkel Karl, Radun Doris, Bremer Viviane, Bocter Nikolaus, Hamouda Osamah
Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Apr 23;8:132. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-132.
In Germany, vaccination against hepatitis B is recommended for infants, children and adolescents since 1995 and for specific target groups since 1982. Little is known about knowledge about viral hepatitis and attitudes toward hepatitis B vaccination-factors likely to influence vaccine uptake.
In order to estimate vaccination coverage in adult target groups and in the overall adult population and to assess knowledge and attitudes, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey among 412 persons in November 2004. We defined participants as being vaccinated if they reported at least one previous vaccination against hepatitis B.
Vaccination coverage (vc) standardised for age, sex and residence was 29.6% in the general population and 58.2% in target groups for hepatitis B vaccination. Particular gaps in vaccine coverage were detected among health care workers (vc: 69.5%) and chronically ill persons (vc: 22.0%). Knowledge on risk factors and transmission was far below expectations, whereas the acceptance of vaccination in the majority of the population (79.0%) was good.
We conclude that educational measures could lead to a higher vaccination uptake in adult target groups.
在德国，自1995年起建议对婴儿、儿童和青少年接种乙肝疫苗，自1982年起对特定目标群体进行接种。对于病毒性肝炎的知识以及对乙肝疫苗接种的态度——这些可能影响疫苗接种率的因素，人们了解甚少。
为了估计成人目标群体和全体成年人口的疫苗接种覆盖率，并评估相关知识和态度，我们于2004年11月对412人进行了一项全国性的横断面电话调查。如果参与者报告至少有过一次乙肝疫苗接种，我们就将其定义为已接种疫苗。
按年龄、性别和居住地标准化后的疫苗接种覆盖率在普通人群中为29.6%，在乙肝疫苗接种目标群体中为58.2%。在医护人员（疫苗接种覆盖率：69.5%）和慢性病患者（疫苗接种覆盖率：22.0%）中发现了疫苗接种覆盖率的特别差距。关于危险因素和传播的知识远低于预期，而大多数人群（79.0%）对疫苗接种的接受度良好。
我们得出结论，教育措施可能会提高成人目标群体的疫苗接种率。
