Yasobant Sandul, Trivedi Poonam, Saxena Deepak, Puwar Tapasvi, Vora Kranti, Patel Mayur
Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
All India Institute of Diabetes and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2017 Jul-Sep;6(3):589-594. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.222009.
Hepatitis B is the world's most common blood-borne viral infection, accounting for 2 billion infections, 350 million carriers, and 6 lakh deaths annually. Country like India still harbors approximately 30-60 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. A modest estimate would put the number of deaths occurring due to HBV infection per year in India to around 100,000. To prevent transmission and progression of the disease, proper community awareness including prevention is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to study the knowledge awareness among the healthy population about hepatitis B including knowledge regarding vaccine.
A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in two districts of Gujarat. Cluster sampling (30 clusters) was used, and pretested questionnaire was administered to 600 (with a prevalence rate of 5% in Gujarat having design effect of 2 within 95% confidence interval and 10% nonrespondent) healthy individuals, who heard about hepatitis B. Data handled and analyzed in EpiData Analysis V2.2.2.183.
Majority of the participants knew about symptoms whereas only 41% knew about prevention methods and few 34% knew about the mode of transmission. Although 40% sample has knowledge about the availability of vaccination, only 20% were self-vaccinated. The common reason for nonvaccination was lack of awareness.
Only one-third of the populations in study districts are aware about hepatitis B and its vaccine. Less than one-fifth of the populations are vaccinated for hepatitis B. Important knowledge deficits about the routes of hepatitis B transmission/prevention were identified. Continued efforts should be made to develop and implement hepatitis B educational campaigns/health promotion for these communities.
乙型肝炎是世界上最常见的血源性病毒感染，每年导致20亿人感染、3.5亿人携带病毒以及60万人死亡。像印度这样的国家仍有大约3000万至6000万乙肝病毒（HBV）携带者。据保守估计，印度每年因HBV感染导致的死亡人数约为10万。为了预防疾病的传播和进展，包括预防在内的适当社区宣传是必要的。因此，本研究旨在调查健康人群对乙型肝炎的认知，包括对疫苗的了解。
在古吉拉特邦的两个地区开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用整群抽样（30个群组），对600名听说过乙型肝炎的健康个体（古吉拉特邦患病率为5%，在95%置信区间内设计效应为2，无应答率为10%）进行了预测试问卷调查。数据在EpiData Analysis V2.2.2.183中处理和分析。
大多数参与者知道症状，而只有41%的人知道预防方法，只有34%的人知道传播途径。虽然40%的样本知道有疫苗，但只有20%的人自行接种过疫苗。未接种疫苗的常见原因是缺乏认识。
研究地区只有三分之一的人口了解乙型肝炎及其疫苗。不到五分之一的人口接种了乙肝疫苗。发现了关于乙肝传播/预防途径的重要知识空白。应继续努力为这些社区开展和实施乙肝教育活动/健康促进工作。
