Leung Ivan Y-F
Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Optometry. 2008 May;79(5):266-72. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2007.03.017.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in people over the age of 65. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) suggests antioxidants may delay the advance of age-related macular degeneration. The macular pigments zeaxanthin and lutein may serve as antioxidants as well as blue filter to protect the retina. In this review, the general characteristics of macular pigment are described. The nutritional value of zeaxanthin/lutein and methods to assess macular pigment are discussed. Several emerging instruments to assess macular pigment, including heterochromatic flickering photometer, motion detection photometer, fundus reflectance spectroscope, Raman spectrometer, and autofluorescence spectrometry, are introduced and reviewed. Optometrists should be aware that they may play a role to assess and monitor the risk of AMD. There is an opportunity to incorporate measurement of macular pigment in optometric practice.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是65岁以上人群不可逆失明的主要原因。年龄相关性眼病研究（AREDS）表明，抗氧化剂可能会延缓年龄相关性黄斑变性的进展。黄斑色素玉米黄质和叶黄素既可以作为抗氧化剂，也可以作为蓝光滤光片来保护视网膜。在这篇综述中，描述了黄斑色素的一般特征。讨论了玉米黄质/叶黄素的营养价值以及评估黄斑色素的方法。介绍并综述了几种新兴的评估黄斑色素的仪器，包括异色闪烁光度计、运动检测光度计、眼底反射光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪和自发荧光光谱仪。验光师应该意识到，他们在评估和监测AMD风险方面可能发挥作用。在验光实践中纳入黄斑色素测量存在机会。
