Freudenberg Nicholas, Galea Sandro
Program in Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA.
J Urban Health. 2008 Jul;85(4):462-71. doi: 10.1007/s11524-008-9278-7.
The increasing concentration of the world's population in cities and the growing accumulation of political and economic power by corporations create new threats to health and opportunities for improving global health. By considering the intersection of these two fundamental social determinants of well-being, we elucidate some of the mechanisms by which they influence the health of urban populations. After reviewing the changing historical impact of corporations on cities, we focus on the growth of consumption as a leading cause of mortality and morbidity and describe how the food, tobacco, automobile, and other industries promote unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles in urban settings. Cities are also sites for developing alternatives to unhealthy corporate practices, and we assess strategies used to modify practices that harm health.
世界人口日益集中于城市，以及企业政治和经济权力的不断积累，给健康带来了新威胁，也为改善全球健康创造了机遇。通过考量这两个福祉的基本社会决定因素的交叉点，我们阐明了它们影响城市人口健康的一些机制。在回顾企业对城市的历史影响变化后，我们将重点放在消费增长这一致死和致病的主要原因上，并描述食品、烟草、汽车及其他行业如何在城市环境中助长不健康行为和生活方式。城市也是发展不健康企业行为替代方案的场所，我们评估了用于改变有害健康行为的策略。
