Morabito Marco, Crisci Alfonso, Orlandini Simone, Maracchi Giampiero, Gensini Gian F, Modesti Pietro A
Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Am J Hypertens. 2008 Jul;21(7):748-52. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2008.177. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
Higher blood pressure (BP) values in cold than in hot months has been documented in hypertensives. These changes may potentially contribute to the observed excess winter cardiovascular mortality. However, the association with weather has always been investigated by considering the relationship with a single variable rather than considering the combination of ground weather variables characterizing a specific weather pattern (air mass (AM)).
We retrospectively investigate in Florence (Italy) the relationship between BP and specific AMs in hypertensive subjects (n = 540) referred to our Hypertension Unit for 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring during the period of the year characterized by the highest weather variability (winter). Five different winter daily AMs were classified according to the combination of ground weather data (air temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and direction).
Multiple variable analysis selected the AM as a significant predictor of mean 24-h BP (P < 0.01 for diastolic BP (DBP) and P < 0.05 for systolic BP (SBP)), daytime DBP (P < 0.001) and nighttime BP (P < 0.01 for both SBP and DBP), with higher BP values observed in cyclonic (unstable, cloudy, and mild weather) than in anticyclonic (settled, cloudless, and cold weather) days. When the association with 2-day sequences of AMs was considered, an increase in ambulatory BP followed a sudden day-to-day change of weather pattern going from anticyclonic to cyclonic days.
The weather considered as a combination of different weather variables may affect BP. The forecast of a sudden change of AM could provide important information helpful for hypertensives during winter.
高血压患者中，寒冷月份的血压值高于炎热月份，这一点已有文献记载。这些变化可能会导致冬季心血管死亡率高于预期。然而，以往在研究血压与天气的关系时，往往只考虑单一变量，而没有考虑表征特定天气模式（气团）的地面天气变量组合。
我们在意大利佛罗伦萨进行了一项回顾性研究，调查了天气变化最大的时期（冬季）到我们高血压科进行24小时动态血压监测的高血压患者（n = 540）的血压与特定气团之间的关系。根据地面天气数据（气温、云量、相对湿度、气压、风速和风向）的组合，将五种不同的冬季日常气团进行了分类。
多变量分析显示，气团是24小时平均血压的显著预测因子（舒张压（DBP）P < 0.01，收缩压（SBP）P < 0.05）、日间DBP（P < 0.001）和夜间血压（SBP和DBP均P < 0.01），气旋日（不稳定、多云和温和天气）的血压值高于反气旋日（稳定、无云和寒冷天气）。当考虑与连续两天气团序列的关联时，动态血压的升高伴随着天气模式从反气旋日到气旋日的突然变化。
将天气视为不同天气变量的组合可能会影响血压。气团突然变化的预测可以为冬季高血压患者提供重要信息。
