Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Implement Sci. 2008 May 1;3:24. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-3-24.
One strategy to enhance research use and change current practice is to identify barriers and then implement tailored interventions to reduce these barriers. In nursing, the BARRIERS scale has been frequently used to identify nurses' perceptions of barriers to research utilization. However, this scale has not been applied to care of older people, and only one study has investigated how identified barriers link to research utilization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: to describe RNs' perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of research utilization and to examine the validity of the BARRIERS scale in relation to research use.
A cross-sectional survey design was used and registered nurses (RNs) working in the care of older people participated (response rate 67%, n = 140/210). Two questionnaires, the BARRIERS scale and the Research Utilization Questionnaire (RUQ), were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate inferential statistics.
Characteristics of the organization and the presentation of research findings were rated as the most prominent barriers. The three items most frequently reported as barriers were: the nurse is isolated from knowledgeable colleagues with whom to discuss the research (89%); the facilities are inadequate for implementation (88%); and, the relevant literature is not compiled in one place (81%). Surveyed RNs suggested more support from unit managers and better availability of user-friendly reports in Swedish to enhance research use.The RNs reported a modest use of research. A weak but significant correlation was found between the Research Use index in RUQ and the Presentation subscale in the BARRIERS scale (r = -0.289, p < 0.01), suggesting that the RNs reporting more research use were less likely to perceive presentation of research as a barrier. Dividing the sample into research users (n = 29) and non-research users (n = 105), the research users rated significantly lower on the subscales Presentation, Nurse and Research in the BARRIERS scale.
The BARRIERS scale revealed differences in the perception of barriers between research users and non-research users. Thus, methodologically the scale appears useful in identifying some types of barriers to research utilization but not organizational barriers. The identified barriers, however, are general and wide-ranging, making it difficult to design useful specific interventions.
增强研究应用和改变当前实践的一种策略是确定障碍，然后实施针对性干预措施来减少这些障碍。在护理领域，BARRIERS 量表已被频繁用于确定护士对研究应用的障碍的看法。然而，该量表尚未应用于老年人护理，并且只有一项研究调查了所确定的障碍与研究应用的联系。因此，本研究的目的有两个：描述护士对研究应用的障碍和促进因素的看法，并检验 BARRIERS 量表与研究应用的有效性。
采用横断面调查设计，参与研究的是在老年人护理领域工作的注册护士（应答率 67%，n=140/210）。使用了两个问卷，BARRIERS 量表和研究应用问卷（RUQ）。使用描述性和双变量推断统计进行数据分析。
组织特征和研究结果的呈现被评为最突出的障碍。被报告为障碍的三个最常见项目是：护士与可以讨论研究的有见识的同事隔离（89%）；设施不足，无法实施（88%）；相关文献没有集中在一个地方（81%）。接受调查的护士建议更多地得到单位管理人员的支持，并更好地提供瑞典语的易于使用的报告，以增强研究应用。护士报告了适度使用研究。RUQ 的研究应用指数与 BARRIERS 量表的呈现分量表之间存在微弱但显著的相关性（r=-0.289，p<0.01），表明报告更多研究应用的护士不太可能将研究呈现视为障碍。将样本分为研究使用者（n=29）和非研究使用者（n=105），研究使用者在 BARRIERS 量表的呈现、护士和研究分量表上的评分显著较低。
BARRIERS 量表揭示了研究使用者和非研究使用者对障碍看法的差异。因此，从方法论的角度来看，该量表在识别某些类型的研究应用障碍方面是有用的，但在识别组织障碍方面则不然。然而，所确定的障碍是普遍而广泛的，这使得设计有用的具体干预措施变得困难。
