Wheeler S Christian, Demarree Kenneth G, Petty Richard E
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2007 Aug;11(3):234-61. doi: 10.1177/1088868307302223.
In this article, the authors review research showing the different roles that the self-concept can play in affecting prime-to-behavior effects. As an organizing framework, an Active-Self account of stereotype, trait, and exemplar prime-to-behavior effects is presented. According to this view, such primes can influence people's behavior by creating changes in the active self-concept, either by invoking a biased subset of chronic self-content or by introducing new material into the active self-concept. The authors show how involvement of the active self-concept can increase, decrease, or reverse the effects of primes and describe how individual differences in responsiveness of the self to change and usage of the self in guiding behavior (e.g., self-monitoring) can moderate prime-to-behavior effects. The Active-Self account is proposed as an integrative framework that explains how the self is involved in prime-to-behavior effects and helps predict how changes in the self determine which motivational and behavioral representations will guide behavior.
在本文中，作者回顾了相关研究，这些研究表明自我概念在影响启动刺激到行为的效应中可以发挥不同作用。作为一个组织框架，本文提出了一种关于刻板印象、特质和范例启动刺激到行为效应的主动自我解释。根据这一观点，此类启动刺激可以通过改变主动自我概念来影响人们的行为，这既可以通过唤起长期自我内容的有偏差子集来实现，也可以通过将新内容引入主动自我概念来实现。作者展示了主动自我概念的参与如何增强、减弱或逆转启动刺激的效应，并描述了自我对变化的反应性以及在指导行为时对自我的运用（例如自我监控）方面的个体差异如何调节启动刺激到行为的效应。主动自我解释被提议作为一个综合框架，它解释了自我如何参与启动刺激到行为的效应，并有助于预测自我的变化如何决定哪些动机和行为表征将指导行为。
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