Leaper Campbell, Ayres Melanie M
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2007 Nov;11(4):328-63. doi: 10.1177/1088868307302221.
Three separate sets of meta-analyses were conducted of studies testing for gender differences in adults' talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech. Across independent samples, statistically significant but negligible average effects sizes were obtained with all three language constructs: Contrary to the prediction, men were more talkative (d = -.14) than were women. As expected, men used more assertive speech (d = .09), whereas women used more affiliative speech (d = .12). In addition, 17 moderator variables were tested that included aspects of the interactive context (e.g., familiarity, gender composition, activity), measurement qualities (e.g., operational definition, observation length), and publication characteristics (e.g., author gender, publication source). Depending on particular moderators, more meaningful effect sizes (d > .2) occurred for each language construct. In addition, the direction of some gender differences was significantly reversed under particular conditions. The results are interpreted in relation to social-constructionist, socialization, and biological interpretations of gender-related variations in social behavior.
针对成年人健谈程度、亲和性言语及 assertive 言语中性别差异的研究，进行了三组独立的荟萃分析。在各个独立样本中，对于所有这三种语言结构，均获得了具有统计学意义但可忽略不计的平均效应量：与预测相反，男性比女性更健谈（d = -0.14）。正如预期的那样，男性使用更多 assertive 言语（d = 0.09），而女性使用更多亲和性言语（d = 0.12）。此外，还测试了 17 个调节变量，包括互动情境的各个方面（例如熟悉程度、性别构成、活动）、测量质量（例如操作定义、观察时长）以及出版特征（例如作者性别、出版来源）。根据特定的调节因素，每种语言结构出现了更有意义的效应量（d > 0.2）。此外，在特定条件下，一些性别差异的方向发生了显著逆转。研究结果结合社会建构主义、社会化以及社会行为中与性别相关变异的生物学解释进行了解读。 （注：原文中“assertive speech”未找到完全对应的中文术语，暂保留英文）
