Genome. 1995 Jun;38(3):575-85. doi: 10.1139/g95-074.
A genetic map of 92 RFLP loci and two storage protein loci was made using 94 doubled-haploid lines from a cross between the winter barley variety Igri and the spring variety Triumph. The markers were combined with data from two field experiments (one spring sown and one autumn (fall) sown) and a glasshouse experiment to locate a total of 13 genes (five major genes and eight quantitative trait loci (QTL)) controlling flowering time. Two photoperiod response genes were found; Ppd-H1 on chromosome 2(2H)S regulated flowering time under long days, while Ppd-H2 on chromosome 5(1H)L was detected only under short days. In the field experiments Ppd-H1 strongly affected flowering time from spring and autumn sowings, while Ppd-H2 was detected only in the autumn sowing. The glasshouse experiment also located two vernalization response genes, probably Sh and Sh2, on chromosomes 4(4H)L and 7(5H)L, respectively. The vernalization response genes had little effect on flowering time in the field. Variation in flowering time was also affected by nine additional genes, whose effects were not specifically dependent on photoperiod or vernalization. One was the denso dwarfing gene on chromosome 3(3H)L. The remaining eight were QTLs of smaller effect. One was located on chromosome 2(2H), one on 3(3H), one on 4(4H), one on 7(5H), two on 6(6H), and two on 1(7H). Model fitting showed that the 13 putative genes, and their interactions, could account for all the observed genetical variation from both spring and autumn sowings, giving a complete model for the control of flowering time in this cross.
利用来自冬季大麦品种 Igri 和春季品种 Triumph 杂交的 94 个双单倍体品系，制作了 92 个 RFLP 位点和 2 个贮藏蛋白位点的遗传图谱。这些标记与来自两个田间试验（一个春季播种和一个秋季播种）和一个温室试验的数据相结合，总共定位了 13 个控制开花时间的基因（5 个主基因和 8 个数量性状位点（QTL））。发现了两个光周期反应基因；位于 2 号染色体（2HS）上的 Ppd-H1 在长日条件下调控开花时间，而位于 5 号染色体（1HL）上的 Ppd-H2 仅在短日条件下被检测到。在田间试验中，Ppd-H1 强烈影响春季和秋季播种的开花时间，而 Ppd-H2 仅在秋季播种中被检测到。温室试验还在 4 号染色体（4HL）和 7 号染色体（5HL）上定位了两个春化反应基因，可能是 Sh 和 Sh2。春化反应基因对田间开花时间的影响很小。开花时间的变化还受到另外 9 个基因的影响，这些基因的效应不特别依赖于光周期或春化。一个是位于 3 号染色体（3HL）上的 densodwarfing 矮化基因。其余 8 个是效应较小的 QTL。一个位于 2 号染色体（2H）上，一个位于 3 号染色体（3H）上，一个位于 4 号染色体（4H）上，一个位于 7 号染色体（5H）上，两个位于 6 号染色体（6H）上，两个位于 1 号染色体（7H）上。模型拟合表明，这 13 个假定基因及其相互作用可以解释春季和秋季播种的所有观察到的遗传变异，为该杂交中开花时间的控制提供了一个完整的模型。
