Loo Jasmine M Y, Raylu Namrata, Oei Tian Po S
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Oct;28(7):1152-66. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
Despite being a significant issue, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on gambling and problem gambling (PG) among the Chinese. Thus, this paper attempts to fill this theoretical gap. A literature search of social sciences databases (from 1840 to now) yielded 25 articles with a total sample of 12,848 Chinese community participants and 3397 clinical participants. The major findings were: (1) Social gambling is widespread among Chinese communities as it is a preferred form of entertainment. (2) Prevalence estimates for PG have increased over the years and currently ranged from 2.5% to 4.0%. (3) Chinese problem gamblers consistently have difficulty admitting their issue and seeking professional help for fear of losing respect. (4) Theories, assessments, and interventions developed in the West are currently used to explain and treat PG among the Chinese. There is an urgent need for theory-based interventions specifically tailored for Chinese problem gamblers. (5) Cultural differences exist in patterns of gambling when compared with Western samples; however, evidence is inconsistent. Methodological considerations in this area of research are highlighted and suggestions for further investigation are also included. (6) Much of gambling research has focused on identifying risk factors and at-risk individuals. It is essential to balance this knowledge with a focus on fundamental character strengths, which act as protective factors and motivate one to refrain from gambling.
尽管这是一个重大问题，但针对中国人赌博及问题赌博（PG）的系统综述仍较为匮乏。因此，本文试图填补这一理论空白。对社会科学数据库（从1840年至今）进行文献检索后，得到了25篇文章，总样本包括12848名中国社区参与者和3397名临床参与者。主要研究结果如下：（1）社交性赌博在中国社区广泛存在，因为它是一种受欢迎的娱乐形式。（2）多年来，对问题赌博的患病率估计有所上升，目前在2.5%至4.0%之间。（3）中国问题赌徒一直难以承认自己的问题并寻求专业帮助，因为担心失去尊重。（4）目前西方发展的理论、评估方法和干预措施被用于解释和治疗中国人的问题赌博。迫切需要专门为中国问题赌徒量身定制的基于理论的干预措施。（5）与西方样本相比，赌博模式存在文化差异；然而，证据并不一致。文中强调了该研究领域的方法学考量，并给出了进一步研究的建议。（6）许多赌博研究都集中在识别风险因素和高危个体上。必须在关注这些知识的同时，平衡地关注作为保护因素并促使人们克制赌博的基本性格优势。
