AVR Consulting Ltd, Northwich, UK.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006 Jun;28(3):175-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00318.x.
The presence of cellulite is an aesthetically unacceptable cosmetic problem for most post-adolescent women. It is largely observed in the gluteal-fermoral regions with its 'orange-peel' or 'cottage cheese' appearance. It is not specific to overweight women although increased adipogenicity will exacerbate the condition. It is a complex problem involving the microcirculatory system and lymphatics, the extracellular matrix and the presence of excess subcutaneous fat that bulges into the dermis. It has been described as a normal condition that maximizes subcutaneous fat retention to ensure adequate caloric availability for pregnancy and lactation. Differences in the fibrous septae architecture that compartmentalize the adipose tissue have recently been reported in women with cellulite compared with men. Weight loss has been reported to improve the cellulite severity by surface topography measures although in obese subject's skin dimpling does not seem to change appreciably. However, histological analysis suggests that fat globules retract out of the dermis with weight loss. Cellulite has been treated with massage which decreases tissue oedema but it is also likely to have its effects at the cellular level by stimulating fibroblast (and keratinocyte) activity while decreasing adipocyte activity. In addition to massage, effective topical creams with a variety of agents were used to ameliorate the condition. Nevertheless, only a few studies are reported in the scientific literature. Xanthines, botanicals, fragrances and ligands for the retinoid and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors appear to be giving some benefit. Reducing adipogenesis and increasing thermogenesis appear to be primary routes and also improving the microcirculation and collagen synthesis. Many agents are being investigated for weight management in the supplement industry [hydroxycitrate, epigallocatechin gallate, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), etc.] and some of these agents seem to be beneficial for the treatment of cellulite. In fact, CLA was proven to ameliorate the signs of cellulite. One product, Cellasene, containing a variety of botanicals and polyunsaturated fatty acids also appears to provide some relief from these symptoms. Although more work is needed, clearly these treatments do improve the appearance of skin in subjects with cellulite. It is quite possible, however, that synergies between both oral and topical routes may be the best intervention to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of cellulite.
橘皮组织的存在是大多数青春期后女性无法接受的美容问题。它主要存在于臀部和股部区域，外观呈“桔皮”或“奶酪状”。虽然脂肪生成增加会使病情恶化，但它并不是超重女性特有的。这是一个涉及微循环系统和淋巴系统、细胞外基质以及过多的皮下脂肪突入真皮的复杂问题。它被描述为一种正常状态，可最大程度地保留皮下脂肪，以确保妊娠和哺乳期间有足够的热量供应。与男性相比，最近有研究报道称，患有橘皮组织的女性脂肪组织的纤维隔结构存在差异。据报道，体重减轻可通过表面形貌测量来改善橘皮组织的严重程度，尽管在肥胖者中，皮肤凹陷似乎没有明显变化。然而，组织学分析表明，随着体重减轻，脂肪球会从真皮中回缩。按摩已被用于治疗橘皮组织，可减少组织水肿，但它也可能通过刺激成纤维细胞（和角质形成细胞）的活性而减少脂肪细胞的活性来发挥其在细胞水平上的作用。除了按摩之外，还使用了各种制剂的有效局部乳膏来改善这种情况。尽管如此，在科学文献中仅报道了少数研究。黄嘌呤、植物药、香料以及类视黄醇和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体的配体似乎有一定的益处。减少脂肪生成和增加产热似乎是主要途径，还可改善微循环和胶原合成。补充剂行业正在研究许多药物来进行体重管理[羟基柠檬酸、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、共轭亚油酸（CLA）等]，其中一些药物似乎对治疗橘皮组织有益。实际上，CLA 已被证明可改善橘皮组织的症状。一种名为 Cellasene 的产品含有多种植物药和多不饱和脂肪酸，也似乎可以缓解这些症状。尽管还需要做更多的工作，但显然这些治疗方法确实可以改善患有橘皮组织的患者的皮肤外观。然而，通过口服和局部途径的协同作用可能是改善橘皮组织症状的最佳干预措施。
