Department of Dermatopathology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006 Jun;28(3):207-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00331.x.
Cellulite, sometimes called gynoid lipodystrophy, is much more prevalent in women than in men. There are glaring discrepancies regarding the microanatomical descriptions of this condition in the literature. A lumpy aspect of the dermo-hypodermal interface is often cited, but it appears to represent a gender-linked characteristic of the thighs and buttocks without being a specific sign of cellulite. Incipient cellulite recognized by a discrete padded look or 'orange peel' aspect appears correlated with the presence of a network of focally enlarged fibrosclerotic strands partitioning the hypodermis and serving as a physiological buttress limiting the outpouching of fat lobules on pinching the skin. These connective tissue structures might represent a hormonal-dependent reactive process to sustained mechanical tensions caused by the adipocyte lobules. Full blown cellulite is recognized by a lumpy-bumpy and dimpled skin surface. It likely represents subjugation of the hypertrophic response of the hypodermal connective tissue strands when their resistance is overcome by progressive fat accumulation. In these cases, histological aspects reminiscent of striae distensae are identified within the hypodermal connective tissue strands. The mechanical properties of skin involved by cellulite process are altered, but may tend to resume to normal under treatment. These functional changes influence the mechanobiology of connective tissue cells, in particular the Factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes.
脂肪团，有时也被称为女性型脂肪营养不良，在女性中比在男性中更为常见。关于这种疾病的文献中有很多关于其微观解剖描述的明显差异。皮肤-皮下界面的凹凸不平经常被引用，但它似乎代表了大腿和臀部的性别相关特征，而不是脂肪团的特定标志。通过离散的填充外观或“橘皮”外观识别的初期脂肪团似乎与纤维硬化性链的网络的存在相关，这些纤维硬化性链局部扩大，将皮下组织分隔开，并作为生理支撑物限制脂肪小叶的突出，从而捏紧皮肤。这些结缔组织结构可能代表了脂肪小叶持续机械张力引起的激素依赖性反应性过程。完全形成的脂肪团表现为凹凸不平和有凹痕的皮肤表面。当皮下结缔组织链的过度生长反应被脂肪堆积逐渐克服时，它可能代表了对其的屈服。在这些情况下，在皮下结缔组织链中可以识别出类似于伸展纹的组织学方面。涉及脂肪团过程的皮肤的机械性能发生改变，但在治疗下可能趋于恢复正常。这些功能变化影响着结缔组织细胞的机械生物学，特别是 Factor XIIIa 阳性的真皮树突细胞。
