Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-166.5, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
Stud Mycol. 2006;56:135-77. doi: 10.3114/sim.2006.56.04.
The type species of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi), H. rufa, is re-defined and epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the translation-elongation factor 1alpha gene. Its anamorph, T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified. Eidamia viridescens is combined as Trichoderma viridescens and is recognised as one of the most morphologically and phylogenetically similar relatives of T. viride. Its teleomorph is newly described as Hypocrea viridescens. Contrary to frequent citations of H. rufa and T. viride in the literature, this species is relatively rare. Although both T. viride and T. viridescens have a wide geographic distribution, their greatest genetic diversity appears to be in Europe and North America. Hypocrea vinosa is characterised and its anamorph, T. vinosum sp. nov., is described. Conidia of T. vinosum are subglobose and warted. The new species T. gamsii is proposed. It shares eidamia-like morphology of conidiophores with T. viridescens, but it has smooth, ellipsoidal conidia that have the longest L/W ratio that we have seen in Trichoderma. Trichoderma scalesiae, an endophyte of trunks of Scalesia pedunculata in the Galapagos Islands, is described as new. It only produces conidia on a low-nutrient agar to which filter paper has been added. Additional phylogenetically distinct clades are recognised and provisionally delimited from the species here described. Trichoderma neokoningii, a T. koningii-like species, is described from a collection made in Peru on a fruit of Theobroma cacao infected with Moniliophthora roreri.
红色拟内孢霉（Hypocrea）属（Hypocreaceae，Hypocreales，子囊菌门，真菌）的模式种，红褐拟内孢霉，通过表型（同形世代和无性世代的形态以及培养特征）和翻译延伸因子 1α 基因的系统发育分析的结合进行了重新定义和副型。其无性型，绿色木霉，作为 Trichoderma 的模式种，被重新描述和副型。Eidamia viridescens 被组合为 Trichoderma viridescens，并被认为是最相似的形态和系统发育的 T. viride 近缘种之一。它的同形世代被新描述为 Hypocrea viridescens。与文献中频繁引用的 H. rufa 和 T. viride 相反，该种相对较少。尽管 T. viride 和 T. viridescens 具有广泛的地理分布，但它们最大的遗传多样性似乎在欧洲和北美。红色拟内孢霉被描述，其无性型，T. vinosum sp. nov.，被描述。T. vinosum 的分生孢子为近球形和疣状。提出了新种 T. gamsii。它与 T. viridescens 共享 Eidamia 样分生孢子梗形态，但它具有光滑的、椭圆形的分生孢子，其 L/W 比是我们在 Trichoderma 中看到的最长的。加拉帕戈斯群岛 Scalesia pedunculata 树干内生真菌 Trichoderma scalesiae 被描述为新种。它只在添加滤纸的低营养琼脂上产生分生孢子。还识别出了其他系统发育上不同的分支，并从这里描述的种中临时划定。从在秘鲁收集的受 Moniliophthora roreri 感染的可可果实上采集的类似 T. koningii 的 Trichoderma neokoningii 被描述。
