Willner Itamar, Shlyahovsky Bella, Zayats Maya, Willner Bilha
Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
Chem Soc Rev. 2008 Jun;37(6):1153-65. doi: 10.1039/b718428j. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
Catalytic nucleic acids (DNAzymes or ribozymes) are selected by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment process (SELEX). The catalytic functions of DNAzymes or ribozymes allow their use as amplifying labels for the development of optical or electronic sensors. The use of catalytic nucleic acids for amplified biosensing was accomplished by designing aptamer-DNAzyme conjugates that combine recognition units and amplifying readout units as in integrated biosensing materials. Alternatively, "DNA machines" that activate enzyme cascades and yield DNAzymes were tailored, and the systems led to the ultrasensitive detection of DNA. DNAzymes are also used as active components for constructing nanostructures such as aggregated nanoparticles and for the activation of logic gate operations that perform computing.
催化核酸（脱氧核酶或核酶）是通过指数富集配体系统进化过程（SELEX）筛选出来的。脱氧核酶或核酶的催化功能使其能够用作光学或电子传感器开发的放大标签。通过设计适体-脱氧核酶缀合物，将识别单元和放大读出单元结合在一起，就像集成生物传感材料一样，实现了将催化核酸用于放大生物传感。另外，还定制了激活酶级联反应并产生脱氧核酶的“DNA机器”，这些系统实现了对DNA的超灵敏检测。脱氧核酶还被用作构建纳米结构（如聚集纳米颗粒）的活性成分，以及用于执行计算的逻辑门操作的激活。
