估算词汇习得的时间和方式：一项关于心理词汇发展的自然实验。
Estimating when and how words are acquired: a natural experiment on the development of the mental lexicon.
作者信息
Auer Edward T, Bernstein Lynne E
机构信息
Department of Speech-Language-Hearing, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 3001, Lawrence, KS 66045-7555, USA.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Jun;51(3):750-8. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/053).
PURPOSE
Sensitivity of subjective estimates of age of acquisition (AOA) and acquisition channel (AC; printed, spoken, signed) to differences in word exposure within and between populations that differ dramatically in perceptual experience was examined.
METHODS
Fifty participants with early-onset deafness and 50 participants with normal hearing rated 175 words in terms of subjective AOA and AC. Additional data were collected using a standardized test of reading and vocabulary.
RESULTS
Participants with early-onset deafness rated words as learned later (M = 10 years) than did participants with normal hearing (M = 8.5 years), F(1, 99) = 28.59, p < .01. Group-averaged item ratings of AOA were highly correlated across the groups (r = .971) and with normative order of acquisition (deaf: r = .950, hearing: r = .946). The groups differed in their ratings of AC (hearing: printed = 30%, spoken = 70%, signed = 0%; deaf: printed = 45%, spoken = 38%, signed = 17%).
CONCLUSIONS
Subjective AOA and AC measures are sensitive to between- and within-group differences in word experience. The results demonstrate that these subjective measures can be applied as proxies for direct measures of lexical development in studies of lexical knowledge in adults with prelingual onset deafness.
目的
研究在感知体验差异极大的人群内部和之间，习得年龄（AOA）和习得渠道（AC；印刷、口头、手语）的主观估计对词汇接触差异的敏感性。
方法
50名早发性耳聋参与者和50名听力正常参与者就主观AOA和AC对175个单词进行了评分。使用标准化阅读和词汇测试收集了额外数据。
结果
早发性耳聋参与者对单词的习得年龄评定为比听力正常参与者晚（M = 10岁对M = 8.5岁），F(1, 99) = 28.59，p <.01。两组的AOA组平均项目评分高度相关（r =.971），且与习得的规范顺序相关（耳聋组：r =.950，听力正常组：r =.946）。两组在AC评分上存在差异（听力正常组：印刷 = 30%，口头 = 70%，手语 = 0%；耳聋组：印刷 = 45%，口头 = 38%，手语 = 17%）。
结论
主观AOA和AC测量对组间和组内的词汇体验差异敏感。结果表明，在对语前聋成人的词汇知识研究中，这些主观测量可作为词汇发展直接测量的替代指标。
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