Emes Richard D, Pocklington Andrew J, Anderson Christopher N G, Bayes Alex, Collins Mark O, Vickers Catherine A, Croning Mike D R, Malik Bilal R, Choudhary Jyoti S, Armstrong J Douglas, Grant Seth G N
Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.
Nat Neurosci. 2008 Jul;11(7):799-806. doi: 10.1038/nn.2135. Epub 2008 Jun 8.
Understanding the origins and evolution of synapses may provide insight into species diversity and the organization of the brain. Using comparative proteomics and genomics, we examined the evolution of the postsynaptic density (PSD) and membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK)-associated signaling complexes (MASCs) that underlie learning and memory. PSD and MASC orthologs found in yeast carry out basic cellular functions to regulate protein synthesis and structural plasticity. We observed marked changes in signaling complexity at the yeast-metazoan and invertebrate-vertebrate boundaries, with an expansion of key synaptic components, notably receptors, adhesion/cytoskeletal proteins and scaffold proteins. A proteomic comparison of Drosophila and mouse MASCs revealed species-specific adaptation with greater signaling complexity in mouse. Although synaptic components were conserved amongst diverse vertebrate species, mapping mRNA and protein expression in the mouse brain showed that vertebrate-specific components preferentially contributed to differences between brain regions. We propose that the evolution of synapse complexity around a core proto-synapse has contributed to invertebrate-vertebrate differences and to brain specialization.
了解突触的起源和进化可能有助于深入了解物种多样性和大脑的组织结构。我们运用比较蛋白质组学和基因组学方法，研究了作为学习和记忆基础的突触后致密区（PSD）以及与膜相关的鸟苷酸激酶（MAGUK）相关信号复合体（MASC）的进化。在酵母中发现的PSD和MASC直系同源物执行基本的细胞功能，以调节蛋白质合成和结构可塑性。我们观察到在酵母 - 后生动物以及无脊椎动物 - 脊椎动物界限处，信号复杂性发生了显著变化，关键突触成分有所扩展，特别是受体、黏附/细胞骨架蛋白和支架蛋白。对果蝇和小鼠MASC进行的蛋白质组学比较显示，小鼠具有物种特异性适应性，信号复杂性更高。尽管突触成分在不同脊椎动物物种中是保守的，但对小鼠大脑中mRNA和蛋白质表达的图谱分析表明，脊椎动物特有的成分优先导致了脑区之间的差异。我们认为，围绕核心原始突触的突触复杂性进化促成了无脊椎动物与脊椎动物之间的差异以及大脑的特化。
