van Maren Wendy W C, Jacobs Joannes F M, de Vries I Jolanda M, Nierkens Stefan, Adema Gosse J
Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Nihmegen, The Netherlands.
Immunology. 2008 Aug;124(4):445-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02871.x. Epub 2008 Jun 28.
To balance self-tolerance and immunity against pathogens or tumours, the immune system depends on both activation mechanisms and down-regulatory mechanisms. Immunologists have long been focusing on activation mechanisms, and a major breakthrough was the identification of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of proteins. TLRs recognize conserved molecular patterns present on pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Pathogen recognition via TLRs activates the innate as well as the adaptive immune response. The discovery of a suppressive T-cell subset that constitutively expresses the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25) has boosted efforts to investigate the negative regulation of immune responses. It is now well appreciated that these regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in controlling immune function. Interestingly, recent studies revealed that TLR2 signalling affects Treg expansion and function. This review will focus on the presence and influence of different TLRs on T lymphocytes, including Tregs, and their role in cancer.
为了平衡自身耐受性以及针对病原体或肿瘤的免疫反应，免疫系统依赖于激活机制和下调机制。免疫学家长期以来一直专注于激活机制，一项重大突破是对Toll样受体（TLR）蛋白家族的鉴定。TLR可识别存在于病原体（包括细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物）上的保守分子模式。通过TLR进行病原体识别可激活先天性免疫反应以及适应性免疫反应。发现组成性表达白细胞介素（IL）-2受体α链（CD25）的抑制性T细胞亚群，推动了对免疫反应负调控的研究工作。现在人们已经充分认识到，这些调节性T细胞（Treg）在控制免疫功能方面发挥着关键作用。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，TLR2信号传导会影响Treg的扩增和功能。本综述将重点关注不同TLR在T淋巴细胞（包括Treg）中的存在和影响，以及它们在癌症中的作用。
