阻断中的条件刺激-非条件刺激时间关系
CS-US temporal relations in blocking.
作者信息
Amundson Jeffrey C, Miller Ralph R
机构信息
University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.
出版信息
Learn Behav. 2008 May;36(2):92-103. doi: 10.3758/lb.36.2.92.
In four trace-conditioning experiments with rats, the influence on the blocking of differences between the blocking cue-unconditioned stimulus (US) and the blocked cue-US trace intervals was explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated blocking despite the blocked cue's having a shorter trace interval than the blocking cue in both elemental (Phase 1) and compound (Phase 2) training. In Experiment 2, blocking was attenuated when the blocked cue had a longer trace interval than did the blocking cue in both elemental and compound training. In Experiments 3 and 4, the trace intervals of the two cues during compound training were matched (i.e., unlike in Experiments 1 and 2, neither had temporal priority). Blocking was attenuated when the blocking cue trace interval in the elemental phase was shorter (Experiment 3) or longer (Experiment 4) than the compound cue trace during compound training. The findings indicate that subjects encode interstimulus intervals, and they further suggest that cue competition is greatest when the competing cues have the same temporal information as the US.
在对大鼠进行的四项痕迹条件反射实验中，探究了阻断线索与无条件刺激（US）之间的间隔以及被阻断线索与US之间的痕迹间隔差异对阻断效应的影响。实验1表明，尽管在单一刺激（阶段1）和复合刺激（阶段2）训练中，被阻断线索的痕迹间隔比阻断线索的短，但仍出现了阻断效应。在实验2中，当在单一刺激和复合刺激训练中被阻断线索的痕迹间隔比阻断线索的长时，阻断效应减弱。在实验3和实验4中，复合刺激训练期间两个线索的痕迹间隔相匹配（即，与实验1和2不同，两者都没有时间上的先后顺序）。当单一刺激阶段的阻断线索痕迹间隔比复合刺激训练期间的复合线索痕迹短（实验3）或长（实验4）时，阻断效应减弱。研究结果表明，实验对象对刺激间间隔进行了编码，并且进一步表明，当竞争线索与US具有相同的时间信息时，线索竞争最为强烈。
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