特定语言障碍儿童的抑制控制和工作记忆容量
Inhibition control and working memory capacity in children with SLI.
作者信息
Marton Klara, Kelmenson Lyudmyla, Pinkhasova Milana
机构信息
Brooklyn College, City University of New York.
出版信息
Psikhologyah. 2007;50(2):110-121. doi: 10.2117/psysoc.2007.110.
Abstract
This study examined the "inefficient inhibition hypothesis" (IIH; Bjorklund & Harnishfeger, 1990; Wilson & Kipp, 1998) in three groups: children with specific language impairment (SLI), age-matched and language-matched controls. The IIH suggests that individuals with efficient inhibition skills perform better on working memory tasks because they are able to keep out irrelevant information from working memory. Children with SLI show processing capacity limitations. This study examined whether the working memory limitations are impacted by inhibition problems in this population. Working memory capacity was measured with a listening span task and children's inhibition errors were categorized. These errors reflected either immediate or delayed inhibition problems and they indicated either contextual distractions or perseverations. Children with SLI produced more inhibition errors than their peers in most categories. The results show an association between inhibition control and working memory capacity, but the direction of causality is not clear.
摘要
本研究在三组人群中检验了“低效抑制假说”（IIH；比约克隆德和哈尼斯菲格，1990年；威尔逊和基普，1998年）：特定语言障碍（SLI）儿童、年龄匹配和语言匹配的对照组。IIH表明，具有高效抑制技能的个体在工作记忆任务上表现更好，因为他们能够将无关信息排除在工作记忆之外。患有SLI的儿童表现出处理能力的局限性。本研究考察了该人群中工作记忆的局限性是否受到抑制问题的影响。通过听力广度任务测量工作记忆容量，并对儿童的抑制错误进行分类。这些错误反映了即时或延迟的抑制问题，表明存在情境干扰或持续性错误。在大多数类别中，患有SLI的儿童比同龄人产生更多的抑制错误。结果显示抑制控制与工作记忆容量之间存在关联，但因果关系的方向尚不清楚。
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