Spiering Brian J, Ashby F Gregory
Department of Psychology, University of California, 551 University Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008 Sep;90(2):330-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2008.04.015. Epub 2008 Jun 11.
Much recent evidence suggests that human category learning is mediated by multiple systems. Evidence suggests that at least one of these depends on procedural learning within the basal ganglia. Information-integration categorization tasks are thought to load heavily on this procedural-learning system. The results of several previous studies were interpreted to suggest that response positions are learned in information-integration tasks. This hypothesis was tested in two experiments. Experiment 1 showed that information-integration category learning was slowed but not disrupted when the spatial location of the responses varied randomly across trials. Experiment 2 showed that information-integration learning was impaired if category membership was signaled by responding to a Yes/No question and the category label had no consistent spatial location. These results suggest that information-integration category learning does not require consistent response locations. In these experiments, a consistent association between a category and a response feature was sufficient. The implication of these results for the neurobiology of information-integration category learning is discussed.
近期的诸多证据表明，人类的类别学习是由多个系统介导的。有证据显示，这些系统中至少有一个依赖于基底神经节内的程序学习。信息整合分类任务被认为对这个程序学习系统的负荷很重。先前多项研究的结果被解释为表明在信息整合任务中反应位置是被学习的。该假设在两个实验中得到了检验。实验1表明，当反应的空间位置在各试验中随机变化时，信息整合类别学习会变慢但不会被打乱。实验2表明，如果通过回答“是/否”问题来表明类别归属，且类别标签没有一致的空间位置，那么信息整合学习就会受到损害。这些结果表明，信息整合类别学习并不需要一致的反应位置。在这些实验中，类别与反应特征之间的一致关联就足够了。本文讨论了这些结果对信息整合类别学习神经生物学的意义。
