Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2011 Apr;39(3):536-54. doi: 10.3758/s13421-010-0041-4.
The human response to uncertainty has been well studied in tasks requiring attention and declarative memory systems. However, uncertainty monitoring and control have not been studied in multi-dimensional, information-integration categorization tasks that rely on non-declarative procedural memory. Three experiments are described that investigated the human uncertainty response in such tasks. Experiment 1 showed that following standard categorization training, uncertainty responding was similar in information-integration tasks and rule-based tasks requiring declarative memory. In Experiment 2, however, uncertainty responding in untrained information-integration tasks impaired the ability of many participants to master those tasks. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that the deficit observed in Experiment 2 was not because of the uncertainty response option per se, but rather because the uncertainty response provided participants a mechanism via which to eliminate stimuli that were inconsistent with a simple declarative response strategy. These results are considered in the light of recent models of category learning and metacognition.
人类对不确定性的反应在需要注意力和陈述性记忆系统的任务中得到了很好的研究。然而，在依赖非陈述性程序性记忆的多维信息整合分类任务中，不确定性监测和控制尚未得到研究。本文描述了三项研究，探讨了人类在这些任务中的不确定性反应。实验 1 表明，在进行标准分类训练后，信息整合任务和需要陈述性记忆的基于规则的任务中的不确定性反应相似。然而，在实验 2 中，未经训练的信息整合任务中的不确定性反应会损害许多参与者掌握这些任务的能力。最后，实验 3 表明，实验 2 中观察到的缺陷不是因为不确定性反应选项本身，而是因为不确定性反应为参与者提供了一种机制，可以消除与简单陈述性反应策略不一致的刺激。这些结果在考虑到最近的类别学习和元认知模型的情况下进行了讨论。
