Bergdolt K
Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Würzburg.
Gesnerus. 1991;48 Pt 1:43-63.
The author presents examples of a critical attitude towards medicine and physicians which may be observed, with changing tendencies, throughout the Middle Ages. First, medicine was despised as a mechanical art or suspected of paganism because of its literary sources. Later, the divine nature of disease and healing on the one hand and the uselessness of medicine on the other were stressed. Finally, the integration, at the universities, of medicine in the system of scholastic learning was criticized by more practically minded men. Similar criticism may be observed in the Islamic world. As valiant defenders of medicine, the author quotes the learned Isidore of Sevilla (d.636) and the famous Rhazes (b.865) as well as the anonymous author of the "Lorscher Arzneibuch" of the 8th century.
作者列举了在整个中世纪可以观察到的对医学和医生的批判态度的例子，其趋势不断变化。首先，医学因其文学渊源而被视为一门机械技艺而遭轻视，或被怀疑带有异教色彩。后来，一方面强调疾病与治愈的神圣本质，另一方面强调医学的无用性。最后，更具务实思想的人批评了大学中医学在经院学术体系中的整合。在伊斯兰世界也可观察到类似的批评。作为医学的英勇捍卫者，作者引用了博学的塞维利亚的伊西多尔（卒于636年）、著名的拉齐斯（生于865年）以及8世纪《洛尔施药典》的匿名作者。
