Orwat Carsten, Graefe Andreas, Faulwasser Timm
Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (Karlsruhe Research Centre, Member of the Helmholtz Association), Karlsruhe, Germany.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008 Jun 19;8:26. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-8-26.
The evolving concepts of pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence are increasingly influencing health care and medicine. Summarizing published research, this literature review provides an overview of recent developments and implementations of pervasive computing systems in health care. It also highlights some of the experiences reported in deployment processes.
There is no clear definition of pervasive computing in the current literature. Thus specific inclusion criteria for selecting articles about relevant systems were developed. Searches were conducted in four scientific databases alongside manual journal searches for the period of 2002 to 2006. Articles included present prototypes, case studies and pilot studies, clinical trials and systems that are already in routine use.
The searches identified 69 articles describing 67 different systems. In a quantitative analysis, these systems were categorized into project status, health care settings, user groups, improvement aims, and systems features (i.e., component types, data gathering, data transmission, systems functions). The focus is on the types of systems implemented, their frequency of occurrence and their characteristics. Qualitative analyses were performed of deployment issues, such as organizational and personnel issues, privacy and security issues, and financial issues. This paper provides a comprehensive access to the literature of the emerging field by addressing specific topics of application settings, systems features, and deployment experiences.
Both an overview and an analysis of the literature on a broad and heterogeneous range of systems are provided. Most systems are described in their prototype stages. Deployment issues, such as implications on organization or personnel, privacy concerns, or financial issues are mentioned rarely, though their solution is regarded as decisive in transferring promising systems to a stage of regular operation. There is a need for further research on the deployment of pervasive computing systems, including clinical studies, economic and social analyses, user studies, etc.
普适计算、泛在计算和环境智能等不断发展的概念正日益影响着医疗保健和医学领域。通过总结已发表的研究，本综述对普适计算系统在医疗保健领域的最新发展和应用进行了概述。同时也突出了部署过程中所报告的一些经验。
当前文献中对普适计算尚无明确的定义。因此，制定了关于选择相关系统文章的具体纳入标准。在2002年至2006年期间，在四个科学数据库中进行了检索，并辅以手动期刊检索。纳入的文章包括现有原型、案例研究和试点研究、临床试验以及已在日常使用中的系统。
检索共识别出69篇描述67个不同系统的文章。在定量分析中，这些系统被分类为项目状态、医疗保健环境、用户群体、改进目标以及系统特征（即组件类型、数据收集、数据传输、系统功能）。重点在于所实施系统的类型、出现频率及其特征。对部署问题进行了定性分析，如组织和人员问题、隐私和安全问题以及财务问题。本文通过探讨应用环境、系统特征和部署经验等特定主题，全面呈现了这一新兴领域的文献。
提供了对广泛且多样的系统文献的概述和分析。大多数系统都处于原型阶段。尽管部署问题（如对组织或人员的影响、隐私问题或财务问题）的解决被视为将有前景的系统推向常规运行阶段的决定性因素，但这些问题很少被提及。需要对普适计算系统的部署进行进一步研究，包括临床研究、经济和社会分析、用户研究等。
