Bilenko Natalya, Ghosh Rohini, Levy Amalia, Deckelbaum Richard J, Fraser Drora
Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POBox 653, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(2):243-9.
The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for health in infants have been widely described. The goal of this study was to determine whether partial breastfeeding has protective effects against enteric infection and associated morbidity in population where early addition of supplementation is common. In this prospective study 238 Bedouin infants were followed from birth to age 18 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against infection and morbidity at ages 0 to 3 months. In the age range of 4 to 6 months, partial versus non breastfeeding was associated with lower rates of infection with Cryptosporidium spp (Odds Ratio OR 0.34, 95% confidence interval CI 0.18; 0.65), and Campylobacter spp (OR 0.58, CI 0.35; 0.98), lower rates of ear infections (OR 0.47, CI 0.24; 0.90) and of asthma (OR 0.33, CI 0.13; 0.81). In older children (10-12 month age range) partial breastfeeding as compared to none, protected against infections with Cryptosporidium spp (OR 0.57, CI 0.36; 0.91) and Giardia lamblia (OR 0.92, CI 0.85; 0.99). In Bedouins, and possibly in other populations, even partial breastfeeding, especially at ages 4 to 6 months offers protection against infection. Thus, encouraging mothers to continue to at least partially breastfeed past age 3 months may help reduce infections and morbidity in infants.
纯母乳喂养对婴儿健康的益处已被广泛描述。本研究的目的是确定在普遍较早添加辅食的人群中，部分母乳喂养是否对肠道感染及相关疾病具有保护作用。在这项前瞻性研究中，对238名贝都因婴儿从出生到18个月龄进行了跟踪。纯母乳喂养在0至3个月龄时对感染和疾病具有保护作用。在4至6个月龄范围内，部分母乳喂养与非母乳喂养相比，隐孢子虫属感染率较低（优势比OR 0.34，95%置信区间CI 0.18；0.65），弯曲杆菌属感染率较低（OR 0.58，CI 0.35；0.98），耳部感染率较低（OR 0.47，CI 0.24；0.90）以及哮喘发病率较低（OR 0.33，CI 0.13；0.81）。在年龄较大的儿童（10 - 12个月龄范围）中，与完全不进行母乳喂养相比，部分母乳喂养可预防隐孢子虫属感染（OR 0.57，CI 0.36；0.91）和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染（OR 0.92，CI 0.85；0.99）。在贝都因人以及可能在其他人群中，即使是部分母乳喂养，尤其是在4至6个月龄时，也能提供抗感染保护。因此，鼓励母亲在3个月龄后至少继续进行部分母乳喂养，可能有助于降低婴儿的感染率和疾病发病率。
