Parks Colleen M
University of California Davis.
J Mem Lang. 2007 Jul;57(1):81-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.03.003.
Noncriterial recollection (ncR) is recollection of details that are irrelevant to task demands. It has been shown to elevate familiarity estimates and to be functionally equivalent to familiarity in the process dissociation procedure (Yonelinas & Jacoby, 1996). However, Toth and Parks (2006) found no ncR in older adults, and hypothesized that this absence was related to older adults' criterial recollection deficit. To test this hypothesis, as well as whether ncR is functionally equivalent to familiarity and increases the subjective experience of familiarity, remember-know and confidence-rating methods were used to estimate recollection and familiarity with young adults, young adults in a divided-attention condition (Experiment 1), and older adults. Supporting Toth and Parks' hypothesis, ncR was found in all groups, but was consistently larger for groups with higher criterial recollection. Response distributions and receiver-operating characteristics revealed further similarities to criterial recollection and suggested that neither the experience nor usefulness of familiarity was enhanced by ncR. Overall, the results suggest that ncR does not differ fundamentally from criterial recollection.
非标准回忆（ncR）是对与任务要求无关的细节的回忆。研究表明，它会提高熟悉度估计，并且在过程分离程序中与熟悉度在功能上等效（约内利纳斯和雅可比，1996）。然而，托特和帕克斯（2006）在老年人中未发现非标准回忆，并推测这种缺失与老年人的标准回忆缺陷有关。为了验证这一假设，以及非标准回忆在功能上是否等同于熟悉度并增加熟悉度的主观体验，采用记住-知道和信心评级方法来估计年轻人、处于分心条件下的年轻人（实验1）和老年人的回忆与熟悉度。支持托特和帕克斯的假设，在所有组中都发现了非标准回忆，但标准回忆较高的组中其值始终更大。反应分布和接受者操作特征显示出与标准回忆的进一步相似性，并表明非标准回忆既没有增强熟悉度的体验也没有增强其效用。总体而言，结果表明非标准回忆与标准回忆在根本上没有差异。
