Gardiner J M, Ramponi C, Richardson-Klavehn A
Department of Psychology, City University, London, EC1V 0HB, England.
Conscious Cogn. 1998 Mar;7(1):1-26. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1997.0321.
This article presents and discusses transcripts of some 270 explanations subjects provided subsequently for recognition memory decisions that had been associated with remember, know, or guess responses at the time the recognition decisions were made. Only transcripts for remember responses included reports of recollective experiences, which seemed mostly to reflect either effortful elaborative encoding or involuntary reminding at study, especially in relation to the self. Transcripts for know responses included claims of just knowing, and of feelings of familiarity. These transcripts indicated that subjects were often quite confident of the accuracy of their decisions, compared with those for guess responses. Transcripts for decisions associated with guess responses also expressed feelings of familiarity but additionally revealed various strategies and inferences that did not directly reflect memory for studied items. The article concludes with a historical and theoretical overview of some interpretations of the states of awareness measured by these responses.
本文展示并讨论了约270份解释记录，这些记录是受试者后来针对识别记忆决策提供的，这些决策在做出识别决策时曾与记得、知道或猜测反应相关联。只有与记得反应相关的记录包含了回忆体验的报告，这些报告似乎大多反映了学习时的刻意精细编码或非自愿提醒，尤其是与自我相关的。与知道反应相关的记录包含了只是知道以及熟悉感的说法。这些记录表明，与猜测反应的记录相比，受试者通常对自己决策的准确性相当有信心。与猜测反应相关的决策记录也表达了熟悉感，但还揭示了各种并非直接反映对所学项目记忆的策略和推断。本文最后对这些反应所测量的意识状态的一些解释进行了历史和理论概述。
