Flood Andrew, Rastogi Tanuja, Wirfält Elisabet, Mitrou Panagiota N, Reedy Jill, Subar Amy F, Kipnis Victor, Mouw Traci, Hollenbeck Albert R, Leitzmann Michael, Schatzkin Arthur
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health and The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):176-84. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.176.
Although diet has long been suspected as an etiological factor for colorectal cancer, studies of single foods and nutrients have provided inconsistent results.
We used factor analysis methods to study associations between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in middle-aged Americans.
Diet was assessed among 293,615 men and 198,767 women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Principal components factor analysis identified 3 primary dietary patterns: a fruit and vegetables, a diet foods, and a red meat and potatoes pattern. State cancer registries identified 2151 incident cases of colorectal cancer in men and 959 in women between 1995 and 2000.
Men with high scores on the fruit and vegetable pattern were at decreased risk [relative risk (RR) for quintile (Q) 5 versus Q1: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.93; P for trend = 0.004]. Both men and women had a similar risk reduction with high scores on the diet food factor: men (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94; P for trend = 0.001) and women (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.07; P for trend = 0.06). High scores on the red meat factor were associated with increased risk: men (RR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35; P for trend = 0.14) and women (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.83; P for trend = 0.0002).
These results suggest that dietary patterns characterized by a low frequency of meat and potato consumption and frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables and fat-reduced foods are consistent with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.
尽管长期以来人们一直怀疑饮食是结直肠癌的病因，但对单一食物和营养素的研究结果并不一致。
我们使用因子分析方法研究美国中年人的饮食模式与结直肠癌之间的关联。
在国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会饮食与健康研究中，对293,615名男性和198,767名女性的饮食进行了评估。主成分因子分析确定了3种主要饮食模式：水果和蔬菜模式、减肥食品模式以及红肉和土豆模式。州癌症登记处确定了1995年至2000年间男性2151例结直肠癌新发病例和女性959例。
水果和蔬菜模式得分高的男性风险降低[五分位数（Q）5与Q1的相对风险（RR）：0.81；95%可信区间（CI）：0.70，0.93；趋势P值=0.004]。减肥食品因子得分高的男性和女性风险降低情况相似：男性（RR：0.82；95%CI：0.72，0.94；趋势P值=0.001）和女性（RR：0.87；95%CI：0.71，1.07；趋势P值=0.06）。红肉因子得分高与风险增加相关：男性（RR：1.17；95%CI：1.02，1.35；趋势P值=0.14）和女性（RR：1.48；95%CI：1.20，1.83；趋势P值=0.0002）。
这些结果表明，以低频率食用肉类和土豆、频繁食用水果和蔬菜以及低脂食品为特征的饮食模式与结直肠癌风险降低一致。
