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未成熟海鸟的招募与存活与石油泄漏及气候变率的关系

Recruitment and survival of immature seabirds in relation to oil spills and climate variability.

作者信息

Votier S C, Birkhead T R, Oro D, Trinder M, Grantham M J, Clark J A, McCleery R H, Hatchwell B J

机构信息

Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2008 Sep;77(5):974-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01421.x. Epub 2008 Jul 8.

Abstract
  1. In long-lived animals with delayed maturity, the non-breeding component of the population may play an important role in buffering the effects of stochastic mortality. Populations of colonial seabirds often consist of more than 50% non-breeders, yet because they spend much of their early life at sea, we understand little about their impact on the demographic process. 2. Using multistate capture-mark-recapture techniques, we analyse a long-term data set of individually identifiable common guillemots, Uria aalge Pont., to assess factors influencing their immature survival and two-stage recruitment process. 3. Analysis of the distribution of ringed common guillemots during the non-breeding season, separated by age classes, revealed that all age classes were potentially at risk from four major oil spills. However, the youngest age class (0-3 years) were far more widely spread than birds 4-6 years old, which were more widely spread than birds aged 6 and over. Therefore the chance of encountering an oil spill was age-dependent. 4. A 2-year compound survival estimate for juvenile guillemots was weakly negatively correlated with winter sea-surface temperature, but was not influenced by oil spills. Non-breeder survival did not vary significantly over time. 5. In years following four oil spills, juvenile recruitment was almost double the value in non-oil-spill years. Recent work from Skomer Island showed a doubling of adult mortality associated with major oil spills, which probably reduced competition at the breeding colony, allowing increased immature recruitment to compensate for these losses. We discuss the implications of compensatory recruitment for assessing the impact of oil pollution incidents.
摘要
  1. 在成熟延迟的长寿动物中,种群中的非繁殖部分可能在缓冲随机死亡率的影响方面发挥重要作用。群居海鸟种群通常由超过50%的非繁殖个体组成,但由于它们早年大部分时间都在海上度过,我们对它们对种群动态过程的影响了解甚少。2. 我们使用多状态捕获-重捕技术,分析了一组长期的、可个体识别的普通海鸠(海鸠属,海鸠种)数据集,以评估影响其未成年个体存活及两阶段补充过程的因素。3. 对非繁殖季节按年龄分类的带环普通海鸠分布情况的分析表明,所有年龄组都可能面临四次重大石油泄漏事件的风险。然而,最年轻的年龄组(0至3岁)分布范围比4至6岁的鸟类广得多,而4至6岁的鸟类又比6岁及以上的鸟类分布范围广。因此,遭遇石油泄漏的几率与年龄有关。4. 幼年海鸠两年的复合存活估计值与冬季海面温度呈弱负相关,但不受石油泄漏的影响。非繁殖个体的存活率随时间没有显著变化。5. 在四次石油泄漏事件后的年份里,幼年个体补充数量几乎是非石油泄漏年份的两倍。斯科默岛最近的研究表明,重大石油泄漏事件导致成年个体死亡率翻倍,这可能减少了繁殖群体中的竞争,从而使未成年个体补充数量增加以弥补这些损失。我们讨论了补偿性补充在评估石油污染事件影响方面的意义。

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