Fernández Pablo, Gutiérrez José María
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):530-3. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.06.018. Epub 2008 Jun 25.
The mortality due to snakebite envenomation in Costa Rica for the period 1993-2006 was investigated by a retrospective analysis. There were 48 fatalities due to snakebites during this period. Mortality rates ranged from 0.02 per 100,000 population in 2006 to 0.19 per 100,000 population in 1993. Case fatality rates in the period 1993-2000 ranged between 0.18% (2000) and 1.15% (1993). The highest numbers of fatal cases occurred in the provinces of Puntarenas and Limón, in low-land humid regions where the species Bothrops asper ('terciopelo') is distributed and agricultural activities predominate. The most affected age groups were those of 20-29, 40-49 and 50-59 years, and fatal cases predominated in males over females by a ratio of 5:1.
通过回顾性分析对1993 - 2006年期间哥斯达黎加因蛇咬中毒导致的死亡率进行了调查。在此期间，有48人死于蛇咬。死亡率从2006年的每10万人0.02例到1993年的每10万人0.19例不等。1993 - 2000年期间的病死率在0.18%（2000年）至1.15%（1993年）之间。死亡病例数最多的是蓬塔雷纳斯省和利蒙省，这两个省位于低地湿润地区，地矛头蝮（“terciopelo”）分布于此，且农业活动占主导。受影响最严重的年龄组为20 - 29岁、40 - 49岁和50 - 59岁，男性死亡病例数占女性的比例为5:1。
