Gutiérrez José María, Maduwage Kalana, Iliyasu Garba, Habib Abdulrazaq
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
Toxicon X. 2021 May 25;9-10:100066. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100066. eCollection 2021 Jul.
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that predominantly affects impoverished rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The global efforts to reduce the impact of this disease must consider the local national contexts and, therefore, comparative studies on envenomings in different countries are necessary to identify strengths, weaknesses and needs. This work presents a comparative analysis of snakebite envenomings in Costa Rica, Sri Lanka, and Nigeria. The comparison included the following aspects: (a) burden of envenomings, (b) historical background of national efforts to confront envenomings, (c) national health systems, (d) antivenom availability and accessibility including local production, (e) training of physicians and nurses in the diagnosis and management of envenomings, (f) prevention campaigns and community-based work, (g) scientific and technological platforms in these topics, and (h) international cooperation programs. Strengths and weaknesses were identified in the three contexts and several urgent tasks to improve the management of this disease in these countries are highlighted. This comparative analysis could be of benefit for similar studies in other national and regional contexts.
蛇咬伤中毒是一种被忽视的热带病，主要影响撒哈拉以南非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲贫困的农村社区。全球为减少该疾病影响所做的努力必须考虑各国国情，因此，开展不同国家中毒情况的比较研究对于明确优势、劣势和需求很有必要。本文对哥斯达黎加、斯里兰卡和尼日利亚的蛇咬伤中毒情况进行了比较分析。比较内容包括以下方面：（a）中毒负担；（b）各国应对中毒情况的历史背景；（c）国家卫生系统；（d）抗蛇毒血清的可获得性和可及性，包括本地生产情况；（e）医生和护士在中毒诊断与管理方面的培训；（f）预防宣传活动和社区工作；（g）这些主题的科技平台；（h）国际合作项目。分析了这三个国家的优势与劣势，并强调了在这些国家改善该疾病管理的若干紧迫任务。这种比较分析可能有助于其他国家和地区开展类似研究。
