Schlagman Simone, Kvavilashvili Lia
Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 2008 Jul;36(5):920-32. doi: 10.3758/mc.36.5.920.
In two studies, we compared the characteristics and retrieval times of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memory under controlled laboratory conditions. A new laboratory task of involuntary autobiographical memories involved detecting vertical lines in a stream of stimuli with horizontal lines (an undemanding vigilance task) and recording any involuntary memories during the session. The majority of these memories were reported as being triggered by irrelevant cue phrases presented on the screen. Voluntary autobiographical memories were sampled via a standard word-cue method in Session 2. The results showed that involuntary memories were more specific and were retrieved significantly faster than voluntary memories. They were also more likely to be triggered by negative cues, whereas cue valence did not have any effect on the number of voluntary memories. Furthermore, laboratory involuntary memories did not differ from naturalistic involuntary memories recorded in a diary by the same participants (Study 2). Taken together, these results have important implications for current theories of autobiographical memory, and they open up interesting avenues for future research.
在两项研究中，我们在可控的实验室条件下比较了非自愿性和自愿性自传体记忆的特征及检索时间。一项关于非自愿性自传体记忆的新实验室任务包括在一系列带有横线的刺激物中检测垂直线（一项无需太多精力的警觉任务），并在实验过程中记录任何非自愿性记忆。这些记忆中的大多数被报告为由屏幕上呈现的无关提示短语触发。在实验的第二阶段，通过标准的单词提示方法对自愿性自传体记忆进行采样。结果表明，非自愿性记忆更具体，检索速度明显快于自愿性记忆。它们也更有可能由负面提示触发，而提示的效价对自愿性记忆的数量没有任何影响。此外，实验室中的非自愿性记忆与同一参与者在日记中记录的自然主义非自愿性记忆没有差异（研究2）。综上所述，这些结果对当前的自传体记忆理论具有重要意义，并为未来的研究开辟了有趣的途径。
