Wahl H W
Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Jun;6(2):238-46. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.2.238.
Dependence in the elderly was investigated from an interactional point of view. Observations as well as verbal data of the elderly and professional caregivers were considered. Samples consisted of 14 elderly people receiving regular home health care (M = 78.9, SD = 6.3 years) and 16 elderly people receiving regular nursing home care (M = 81.4, SD = 7.5 years). Results showed a strong tendency toward independence in the elderly. Sense of control in the self-care interactions observed was higher in the home health care group than in the group receiving nursing home care. Division of the elderly into subgroups with high, medium, and low perceived self-efficacy showed that the elderly high in self-efficacy were more independent in terms of observed self-care. Causal explanations of the elderly's competence and their nonuse of competence were significantly different between the elderly and staff.
从互动的角度对老年人的依赖问题进行了调查。研究考虑了老年人和专业护理人员的观察结果以及言语数据。样本包括14名接受定期家庭保健护理的老年人（平均年龄M = 78.9岁，标准差SD = 6.3岁）和16名接受定期养老院护理的老年人（平均年龄M = 81.4岁，标准差SD = 7.5岁）。结果显示老年人有很强的独立倾向。在观察到的自我护理互动中，家庭保健护理组的自我控制感高于接受养老院护理的组。将老年人分为自我效能感高、中、低的亚组后发现，自我效能感高的老年人在观察到的自我护理方面更独立。老年人与工作人员对老年人能力及其能力未被使用的原因解释存在显著差异。
