成人在字母层面和单词层面处理上的年龄差异。

Adult age differences in letter-level and word-level processing.

作者信息

Allen P A, Madden D J, Crozier L C

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44115.

出版信息

Psychol Aging. 1991 Jun;6(2):261-71. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.2.261.

DOI:10.1037//0882-7974.6.2.261

PMID:1863395

Abstract

Older and young adults' letter detection and lexical decision performance were examined as word frequency varied to determine whether there were age differences in word recognition. Allen and Madden (1989) found that older adults' pattern of reaction time (RT) across word frequency categories was different from young adults' pattern for a letter detection task. In this study, for both letter detection and lexical decision tasks, older adults exhibited a monotonically decreasing RT function as word frequency increased. However, young adults exhibited a nonmonotonic RT function across word frequency for the letter detection task but a monotonically decreasing RT function as word frequency increased for the lexical decision task. An expanded parallel input serial analysis model of word processing was hypothesized.

摘要

随着单词频率的变化，研究了老年人和年轻人的字母检测和词汇判断表现，以确定在单词识别方面是否存在年龄差异。艾伦和马登（1989年）发现，在字母检测任务中，老年人在不同单词频率类别下的反应时间（RT）模式与年轻人的模式不同。在本研究中，对于字母检测和词汇判断任务，随着单词频率的增加，老年人的RT函数呈单调递减。然而，在字母检测任务中，年轻人的RT函数在单词频率上呈非单调变化，但在词汇判断任务中，随着单词频率的增加，RT函数呈单调递减。据此推测了一个扩展的单词处理并行输入串行分析模型。