Andriole V T
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1991 Apr;10(4):342-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01967009.
The newer quinolones, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin are highly effective antimicrobial agents against the majority of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections and bacterial prostatitis. The pharmacokinetic properties of these agents after oral administration result in high concentrations in human urine, as well as in prostatic fluid and prostatic tissue. Ciprofloxacin, enoxacin and lomefloxacin produce the highest concentrations in prostatic tissue, followed by norfloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin. More than 400 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis have been treated with one of the newer quinolones in varying doses for 10 to 84 days. The results indicate a cure rate of approximately 70%, although the follow-up period is quite variable in these studies. Clinical trials of short-term (single dose vs three days) therapy with the newer quinolones conducted in women with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections were reviewed. Although bacteriologic cure rates were high with single doses of ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin, approximately one in five women with suspected uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection experience failure of single-dose therapy. In contrast, a three-day regimen with these agents is more effective than a single-dose in the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women.
新型喹诺酮类药物，如环丙沙星、依诺沙星、氟罗沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和培氟沙星，是治疗大多数引起尿路感染和细菌性前列腺炎的细菌的高效抗菌剂。这些药物口服后的药代动力学特性导致其在人体尿液、前列腺液和前列腺组织中浓度较高。环丙沙星、依诺沙星和洛美沙星在前列腺组织中产生的浓度最高，其次是诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和氟罗沙星。400多名慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者接受了不同剂量的新型喹诺酮类药物之一治疗，疗程为10至84天。结果显示治愈率约为70%，不过这些研究中的随访期差异很大。对在单纯性下尿路感染女性中进行的新型喹诺酮类药物短期（单剂量与三天疗程）治疗的临床试验进行了综述。尽管单剂量的环丙沙星、氟罗沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和培氟沙星的细菌学治愈率很高，但约五分之一疑似单纯性下尿路感染的女性单剂量治疗会失败。相比之下，这些药物的三天疗程在治疗女性单纯性下尿路感染方面比单剂量更有效。
