Troschinetz Alexis M, Mihelcic James R
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sustainable Futures Institute, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
Waste Manag. 2009 Feb;29(2):915-23. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.04.016. Epub 2008 Jul 26.
This research focuses on recycling in developing countries as one form of sustainable municipal solid waste management (MSWM). Twenty-three case studies provided municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and recovery rates and composition for compilation and assessment. The average MSW generation rate was 0.77 kg/person/day, with recovery rates from 5-40%. The waste streams of 19 of these case studies consisted of 0-70% recyclables and 17-80% organics. Qualitative analysis of all 23 case studies identified barriers or incentives to recycling, which resulted in the development of factors influencing recycling of MSW in developing countries. The factors are government policy, government finances, waste characterization, waste collection and segregation, household education, household economics, MSWM (municipal solid waste management) administration, MSWM personnel education, MSWM plan, local recycled-material market, technological and human resources, and land availability. Necessary and beneficial relationships drawn among these factors revealed the collaborative nature of sustainable MSWM. The functionality of the factor relationships greatly influenced the success of sustainable MSWM. A correlation existed between stakeholder involvement and the three dimensions of sustainability: environment, society, and economy. The only factors driven by all three dimensions (waste collection and segregation, MSWM plan, and local recycled-material market) were those requiring the greatest collaboration with other factors.
本研究聚焦于发展中国家的回收利用，将其作为城市固体废弃物可持续管理（MSWM）的一种形式。23个案例研究提供了城市固体废弃物（MSW）的产生量、回收率及成分，用于汇总和评估。城市固体废弃物的平均产生率为0.77千克/人/天，回收率在5%至40%之间。其中19个案例研究的废物流包含0%至70%的可回收物和17%至80%的有机物。对所有23个案例研究进行定性分析，确定了回收利用的障碍或激励因素，进而得出了影响发展中国家城市固体废弃物回收利用的因素。这些因素包括政府政策、政府财政、废弃物特性、废弃物收集与分类、家庭教育、家庭经济、城市固体废弃物管理（MSWM）行政、城市固体废弃物管理人员教育、城市固体废弃物管理计划、当地回收材料市场、技术与人力资源以及土地可用性。这些因素之间形成的必要且有益的关系揭示了可持续城市固体废弃物管理的协同性质。因素关系的功能对可持续城市固体废弃物管理的成功有很大影响。利益相关者的参与与可持续性的三个维度（环境、社会和经济）之间存在关联。所有三个维度共同驱动的唯一因素（废弃物收集与分类、城市固体废弃物管理计划和当地回收材料市场）是那些需要与其他因素进行最大程度协作的因素。
