Demiris G, Hensel B K
Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, BNHS-Box 357266, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, USA.
Yearb Med Inform. 2008:33-40.
A "smart home" is a residence wired with technology features that monitor the well-being and activities of their residents to improve overall quality of life, increase independence and prevent emergencies. This type of informatics applications targeting older adults, people with disabilities or the general population is increasingly becoming the focus of research worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of health related smart home projects and discuss human factors and other challenges.
To cover not only the medical but also the social sciences and electronics literature, we conducted extensive searches across disciplines (e.g., Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Electronics and Communications Abstracts, Web of Science etc.). In order to be inclusive of all new initiatives and efforts in this area given the innovativeness of the concept, we manually searched for relevant references in the retrieved articles as well as published books on smart homes and gerontechnology.
A total of 114 publications (including papers, abstracts and web pages) were identified and reviewed to identify the overarching projects. Twenty one smart home projects were identified (71% of the projects include technologies for functional monitoring, 67% for safety monitoring, 47% for physiological monitoring, 43% for cognitive support or sensory aids, 19% for monitoring security and 19% to increase social interaction). Evidence for their impact on clinical outcomes is lacking.
The field of smart homes is a growing informatics domain. Several challenges including not only technical but also ethical ones need to be addressed.
“智能家居”是一种配备了技术功能的住宅，这些功能可监测住户的健康状况和活动，以提高整体生活质量、增强独立性并预防紧急情况。这类针对老年人、残疾人或普通人群的信息学应用正日益成为全球研究的焦点。本研究的目的是对与健康相关的智能家居项目进行全面综述，并探讨人为因素和其他挑战。
为了不仅涵盖医学领域，还包括社会科学和电子文献，我们跨学科进行了广泛检索（如医学文献数据库、荷兰医学文摘数据库、护理学与健康领域数据库、心理学文摘数据库、电子与通信文摘数据库、科学引文索引等）。鉴于该概念的创新性，为了涵盖该领域的所有新举措和努力，我们在检索到的文章以及已出版的关于智能家居和老年技术的书籍中手动搜索相关参考文献。
共识别并审查了114篇出版物（包括论文、摘要和网页），以确定总体项目。确定了21个智能家居项目（71%的项目包括功能监测技术，67%用于安全监测，47%用于生理监测，43%用于认知支持或感官辅助，19%用于安全监测，19%用于增加社交互动）。缺乏它们对临床结果影响的证据。
智能家居领域是一个不断发展的信息学领域。需要应对包括技术和伦理等在内的若干挑战。
