Sattar S A, Springthorpe V S
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Rev Infect Dis. 1991 May-Jun;13(3):430-47. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.3.430.
The possibility of contracting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through accidental or inapparent parenteral exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has raised concerns among recipients of blood products, health-care professionals, and others who have contact either with HIV or with AIDS patients. Along with these concerns has come an increasing interest in the physical and chemical methods that may be used to inactivate HIV in blood products and other contaminated fluids as well as on contaminated objects and surfaces. This review critically examines the available information on the survival of HIV and the methods used for its inactivation, particularly those that rely on chemical disinfection. Although the risk of acquiring HIV from contaminated materials may be slight compared with that of acquiring other blood-borne pathogens, such as hepatitis B virus, the effectiveness of disinfectants used under clinical conditions may have been overestimated.
通过意外或隐性非肠道接触人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）而感染获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的可能性，引起了血液制品接受者、医护人员以及其他接触HIV或艾滋病患者的人的关注。随着这些担忧的出现，人们对可用于使血液制品和其他受污染液体以及受污染物体和表面上的HIV失活的物理和化学方法越来越感兴趣。这篇综述批判性地审视了关于HIV存活以及用于使其失活的方法，特别是那些依靠化学消毒的方法的现有信息。尽管与感染其他血源性病原体（如乙型肝炎病毒）相比，从受污染材料感染HIV的风险可能较小，但临床条件下使用的消毒剂的有效性可能被高估了。
