van Bueren J, Larkin D P, Simpson R A
Laboratory of Hospital Infection, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK.
J Hosp Infect. 1994 Oct;28(2):137-48. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(94)90140-6.
Alcohols are commonly used as disinfectants for skin, surfaces and immersion of some medical instruments. Measurements of the activity of alcohols against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) must take account of the compatibility of neutralizers used to stop the disinfectant reaction, and of toxicity to the cell line used to detect residual virus. We have developed protocols to measure the efficacy of alcohols against HIV in suspension and dried onto surfaces in the presence of high and low protein concentrations. High titres of HIV in suspension were rapidly inactivated by 70% ethanol, independent of the protein load. When virus was dried onto a glass surface, the rate of inactivation decreased when high levels of protein were present. Due to its rapid evaporation, a spray or a wipe with alcohol cannot be guaranteed to disinfect a surface contaminated with blood or other body fluids without preliminary cleaning.
酒精通常用作皮肤、物体表面消毒剂，也用于浸泡一些医疗器械。测量酒精对1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的活性时，必须考虑用于终止消毒反应的中和剂的兼容性，以及对用于检测残留病毒的细胞系的毒性。我们已经制定了方案，以测量在高蛋白质浓度和低蛋白质浓度存在的情况下，酒精对悬浮状态及干燥在物体表面的HIV的效力。悬浮状态下的高滴度HIV可被70%乙醇迅速灭活，与蛋白质负载无关。当病毒干燥在玻璃表面时，存在高水平蛋白质时灭活速率会降低。由于酒精蒸发迅速，在没有预先清洁的情况下，不能保证用酒精喷雾或擦拭对被血液或其他体液污染的表面进行消毒。
