World Health Organization, Regional Office for Western Pacific (WPRO), HIV/AIDS and STI Unit, Manila, Philippines.
Harm Reduct J. 2008 Aug 5;5:26. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-5-26.
The epidemic of HIV/AIDS linked to injecting drug usage is one of the most explosive in recent years. After a historical epicentre in Europe, South and North America, at present it is clearly the main cause of dissemination of the epidemic in Eastern Europe and some key Asian countries. Recently, 10 African countries reported the spread of HIV through people who inject drugs (PWID), breaking one of the final geographical barriers to the globalization of the epidemic of HIV among and from PWID. Several countries of the Asia and Pacific Region have HIV epidemics that are driven by injecting drug usage. Harm reduction interventions have been implemented in many countries and potential barriers to implementation are being overcome. Harm reduction is no longer a marginal approach in the Region; instead, it is the core tool for responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic among PWID. The development of a comprehensive response in the Region has been remarkable, including scaling up of needle and syringe programmes (NSPs), methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), and care, support and treatment for PWID. This development is being followed up by strong ongoing changes in policies and legislations. The main issue now is to enhance interventions to a level that can impact the epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the leading UN agencies promoting harm reduction. Since the establishment of the Global Programme on AIDS, WHO has been working towards an effective response to the HIV epidemic among PWID. WHO's work is organized into a number of components: establishing an evidence base; advocacy; development of normative standards, tools and guidelines; providing technical support to countries; ensuring access to essential medicines, diagnostics and commodities; and mobilizing resources. In this paper, we trace the course of development of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among and from PWID in the Western Pacific and Asia Region (WPRO) as well as WHO's role in supporting the response in some of the key countries: Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines and Viet Nam.
与注射吸毒有关的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情是近年来爆发最迅猛的疫情之一。在欧洲、南美和北美曾出现疫情历史中心之后，目前东欧和一些亚洲关键国家显然是该疫情传播的主要源头。最近，有 10 个非洲国家报告称，艾滋病毒通过注射吸毒者（吸毒者）传播，打破了艾滋病毒在吸毒者中以及从吸毒者向其传播的全球化的最后一个地域障碍。亚太区域有几个国家的艾滋病毒疫情是由注射吸毒驱动的。许多国家已实施减少伤害干预措施，正在克服实施方面的潜在障碍。减少伤害在该区域不再是一种边缘做法；相反，它是应对吸毒者中艾滋病毒疫情的核心工具。该区域的全面应对工作取得了显著进展，包括扩大针具交换方案、美沙酮维持治疗以及对吸毒者的护理、支持和治疗。目前，政策和立法也在持续进行强有力的改革。现在的主要问题是将干预措施提高到能够对疫情产生影响的水平。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）是促进减少伤害的主要联合国机构之一。自全球艾滋病规划成立以来，世卫组织一直致力于对吸毒者中艾滋病毒疫情作出有效应对。世卫组织的工作分为若干组成部分：建立证据基础；宣传；制定规范标准、工具和准则；向各国提供技术支持；确保获得基本药物、诊断试剂和用品；以及调集资源。本文追溯了西太平洋和亚洲区域（西太区）吸毒者中以及来自吸毒者的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情的发展轨迹，以及世卫组织在支持柬埔寨、中国、老挝人民民主共和国、马来西亚、菲律宾和越南等一些关键国家应对疫情方面发挥的作用。
